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Evolution of the Dog

Hannah Cox & Sophia Kelly

60 MYA

Paleocene Epoch era

living animal: miacis

features: -looked similar to a weasel

-shorter legs & smaller brain than current dogs

-carnivore teeth

-walked on soles of feet

Locations: -Europe

-North America

-China

Diet: -carnivore

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35 MYA

Oligocene Epoch Era

Living Animal: Leptocyon

Features: -walked on toes

-fox like

Habitat: -Woodlands of North America

Diet: -small animals

-insects

20 MYA

Oligocene - Early Miocene

Living Animal: Mesocyn

Features: -look similar to a dog today

- had bigger brain, more intelligence

-better memory to remember family members, this developed pack mentality

-Latest fossil found in Oregan, USA

-Meat-based diet

5-1MYA

Wolves and Jackals

Features: -walked on all four hind toes, allowing them to chase prey more effectively

Location: Eurasia

Did You Know...?

-The intermediate ancestor of the modern day dog is a Gray wolf.

  • All dogs descend from the Gray Wolf.

13,000 YA

Domestication of Dogs

As dogs continued to roam onto humans land, searching for food. Humans began to realize how useful the dog is.

Domestication of The Wolf

Theories of domestication-

  • Humans captured wolf pups and raised them
  • Wolves domesticated themselves to reduce competition with man against food and shelter.

Effects of Domestication

- By dogs being domesticated, they have become more human dependent unlike their ancestors. Now, dogs have become worse at working together as a species. In addition, dogs have lost their ability to problem solve and instead rely on humans.

-Their ancestors, especially the wolf, work together in packs and strategically hunt their game with their packs..

Today

The Gray Wolf Today

- Gray wolves were common throughout all of North America, but have been decimated by most of the United states by the 1930s. Gray wolves have been limited to Canada, Alaska, Great Lakes, Northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest.

  • This is because Gray Wolves are endangered
  • As the human population has been growing, it causes a conflict between wolf and man over food and resources.
  • Humans in the past would slaughter Gray Wolves by the thousands because hey were viewed as pests.

Continued...

-Humans have heavily impacted Gray Wolves and these wolves have to further adapt to the populous humans.

  • Wolves have to defend themselves against hunters. Wolves in the past were never a prey. The most common cause of death is hunting and trapping.
  • Wolves have to relocated because habitats are being lost due to habitat fragmentation. If a wolf pack was unable to relocated, they have to adapt to the human society that now surrounds them. If they chose to leave, they have to adapt to an entire new environment.

Behaviors That helped them survive.

- working in packs heavily helped the wolves survive, especially against humans.

  • in groups, it is easier to hunt food, defend against rival food competitors (humans included), and less likely to get hunted (by humans). Wolves who stray away can be more of a target because there is not a pack to help defend off the hunter.

Future of The Gray Wolf

-Given the fact that the Gray Wolf is endangered because of human presence, the future may not be so bright for the Gray Wolf. As humans continue to populate, hunt and trap wolves, and take over land, the Gray Wolf will continue to decline. Unless we take action.

-It is very possible for the Gray Wolf to become extinct in the near future.

Possible Solutions

- Grassy Cross Walks to reduce Habitat fragmentation.

  • With the Grassy cross walk, wolves will be able to travel to different lands without interfering with human society and vehicles.

- More wolf reservation areas native to the gray wolf to provide a habitat to wolves without presence of humans.

  • Although there are reservations for the gray wolf, but there should be more provided because the gray wolf continues to stay endangered due to humans.
  • In addition, these reservations would not allow humans to disrupt the wolves or their land under no circumstances.

works cited

Works Cited

"Evolution of The Dog." evolution, pbs, 2001, www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/5/l_015_02.html. Accessed 21 May 2019.

"Gray Wolf." Defenders of WildLife, ©2019 Defenders of Wildlife, defenders.org/gray-wolf/gray-wolves-alaska. Accessed 21 May 2019.

Handwerk, Brian. "How Accurate Is Alpha's Theory of Dog Domestication?" Smithsonian.com, 15 Aug. 2018, www.smithsonianmag.com/ science-nature/how-wolves-really-became-dogs-180970014/. Accessed 21 May 2019.

"The Complete Guide to Canine Evolution." Time for Paws Blog, Time For Paws, www.timeforpawsblog.co.uk/resources/the-complete-guide-to-canine-evolution/. Accessed 22 May 2019.

Jezierski, Chet. "Evolution of the Dog." PBS, WGBH educational foundation, www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/5/l_015_02.html. Accessed 22 May 2019.

Stauss, Bob. "40 Million Years of Dog Evolution." ThoughtCo, 24 Dec. 2018, www.thoughtco.com/prehistoric-dogs-1093301. Accessed 22 May 2019.

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