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By

F. Klimša

M. Maronová

Economic development

Terms

MEDCs x LEDs

More economically developed countries (West Europe / North America)

x

Less economically developed countries (Sub-Saharan Africa, ect...)

Gross domestic product - GDP

Number that helps us to measure wealth of population of specific country.

Sum of all goods and services divided by number of citizens

Globalisation

Criteria for measuring the development gap

Development gap

Economic wealth

HDI / HFI

Human development index

HDI / HFI

Gives every country a score between 0 and 1, based on longevity, education and income.

HDI can serve a purpose if it identifies where powerty is greatest or if it simulates a debate and action as to where aid, trade and debt alleviation needs to be focused.

Human freedom index

it enables you to spot anomalies - countries that have

better well-being – Canada, Sri Lanka, Tanzania

worse well-being – Saudi Arabia and other oil-producting countries

(that might be expected from their GDP)

Personal and political rights has become increasing important since 1991

Graphs

Types of aid

Overseas aid

Transfer of resources at non-commertial rates by one country or an organisation (the donor) to another country, in a form of:

Money, as grants or loans (which has been repaid, even at low interest rate)

Goods, food, machinery and technology

Know-how and people (teachers, nurses)

The basic aim - to help pooper countries develop their economies and to improve services in order to raise ther standard of living

Graph

DGE

Donors

Donors and recipients

advanced economies in terms of US dollars, the amount that each country gives as a proportion of it´s own GDP is small

Donor countries are just as likely to give aid to countries that have support them in times of war as to countries that are the least well-off

Some organisation such as the Internattional Monetary Fund (IMF) also aim to help the poorest countries

Other organisations such as the World Bank, lend capital for specific projects

„Too little + too late“

More controversial - other forms of aid

No non-emergency aid should be granted (as it is given in the political, indrustrial or comercial interests od the donor)

the long-term aid improvement in the quality of life of the recipients

Aid tents to address the symptoms of poverty rather than its causes

Aid can make important contributions to the economy of many of the least well-off countries

ext

Good or bad?

Click to edit text

Tables

tsunami on Srí Lanka in 2004

Example

Aid came from three main sources:

Emergency aid - came from voluntary international relief organisation who are used to responding rapidly to any global disaster. They helped to locate possible survivors and tread the injured

Short-term aid - is provided partly by the voluntary and partly by ordinary people (peoplne began phoning, using internet or sending cheques)

Long-term aid -is provided by governments which, in this case, plegded 3700 milion pounds - world record - this money was used to rebuild communications, hospitals, schools etc.

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