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Attention Restoration Theory
8
Attention
Restoration Theory
Created by Travis
for You
Necker Cube Test
Necker Cube is an objective measure of attention.
http://seas.umich.edu/eplab/intranet/demo_dac_tasks.html
Measuring Your Attention
Top-Facing
Left-Facing
Test
Test 2
Attention Restoration Theory (ART)
Overview
- Rachel and Stephen Kaplan; The experience of nature: A psychological perspective
- There are two kinds of attention: Involuntary and directed
- Direct attention can experience attention fatigue
- The ability to concentrate may be restored by exposure to natural environments
- Offers a theoretical framework to explore cognitive capacity, understand the stressors that lead to mental fatigue and identify solutions to improve mental functioning and restore diminished capacities.
Supporting Studies
Attention
• Directed attention
• Directed attention fatigue
• Effortless attention
• Restored attention
Directed Attention-Ability to focus on a task that requires effort, susceptable to fatigue
Indirect/Involuntary Attention-Form of attention that requires no effort, resistant to fatigue
Attention Fatigue-Focusing on a specific stimulation with little to no intrinsic motivation, while surpressing distractions that are more interesting
ART Explained
Nature has an abundance of fascinating objects. "Soft fascinations" such as clouds in the sky or leaves rustling in a breeze, gain our attention relatively effortlessly and are compatible with our wants and needs.
Restorative Environments
Characteristics of a restorative environment
Fascination- the ability of an environment to generate awe in people.
Being away- a feeling that can be in objective or subjective form.
Extension- referring to the connection between each element found in an environment.
Compatibility- characteristics found in an environment that meet the preferences and goals of a person.
Characteristics of a restorative environme...
Needs
More research is needed to get a better understanding of the mechanisms for attention restoration and the best ways to measure them.
More studies should measure attention before, during and after exposure to natural environments.
Need to clearly identify attention-related tasks that are most affected by nature and how long the effects last.
Future studies should thouroghly report their methods and standardize their approach to studying ART.
Studies and so diverse that it s hard to find a specific demographic that could benefit the most.
Application
Possible Applications
- Using gardens as a way to restore students' attention during school or for doctors in hospitals
- Green spaces for senior care facilities that tend to cognitive decline
- Green spaces for corporations or organizations that require large amounts of DA, i.e., accounting, investing, political
- Assist in other studies or theory development
Discussion/Questions
How could you apply this to your area of interest?