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PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY I

Who we are?

Minimal

units

BASIC CONCEPTS

Phonetics: How sounds are produced.

Phonology: how sounds are organized.

Phoneme

Phoneme

Minimal unit of measure according to SOUND.

/ʃɪp/ or /ʃiːp/

/ʊ/

/o/

/e/

/ʌ/

/t/

/n/

/l/

/f/

/m/

/w/

Grapheme

Grapheme

Minimal unit of measuring according to visual

/θ/ /ð/

Island - Instrument

/ai/ /i/

Morpheme

Morpheme

Minimal unit of measuring according to morphology

Allophone

Allophone

Minimal unit of measuring that does not carry meaning.

Speech apparatus

Speech Apparatus

-AIR

-AIRSTREAM

-AIRFLOW

AIR

Exhale

SPEECH APPARATUS

Cavities:

Cavities:

Nasal Cavity

Oral Cavity

ARTICULATORS

ARTICULATORS

/k/ /ɡ/ /ŋ/

TONGUE

/r/

/l/

GLOTTIS

GLOTTIS

VOWEL / CONSONANT

VOWEL / CONSONANT

Vowels

A vowel is a sound pronounced with an open vocal tract, so that the tongue does not touch the lips, teeth, or roof of the mouth.

VOWELS

Classification

Consonants

A consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO:

  • VOICING ( VOICED/VOICELESS)

  • MANNER OF ARTICULATION (HOW THE AIR IS RELEASED)

  • PLACE OF ARTICULATION (WHERE THE OBST. IS MADE)

CONSONANTS

  • BILABIAL
  • LABIODENTAL
  • DENTAL
  • ALVEOLAR
  • POST ALVEOLAR
  • LABIO-VELAR
  • PALATAL
  • VELAR
  • GLOTTAL

PLOSIVE SOUNDS

Stops or plosives are consonant sounds that are formed by completely stopping airflow.

PLOSIVE SOUNDS

FRICATIVE SOUNDS

Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

FRICATIVE SOUNDS

VOICELESS!

AFFRICATE SOUNDS

An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative

AFFRICATE SOUNDS

NASAL SOUNDS

Nasal sounds are occlusive consonants produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

NASAL SOUNDS

APROXIMANT SOUNDS

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow

APROXIMANT SOUNDS

Semi-vowels

CONSONANT CHART

Thank you for coming!

Made by:

Fabricio Rocha

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