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How do Stars Use Nuclear Fusion to Build Elements
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How do Stars Use Nuclear Fusion to Build Elements
Why Nuclear Fusion is Possible
nuclear fusion
What is Nuclear fusion?
Why nuclear fusion is possible
In the sun it gets so hot that it rips electrons away from the atoms creating plasma. This means the atoms in the sun cannot hold on to their electrons. Most atoms cannot touch like this because of the coulomb barrier. Coulomb barrier is the name for when atoms push other atoms away because of their positive charge. The sun is able to do this because its gravity is so strong that it over powers the coulomb barrier.
First stage of nueclear fusion
The gravity that the sun has causes protons and electrons to touch, move, and bounce off of ech other. When four protons and two electrons colide with enough force they end up fusing together and creating a hydrogen atom, gamma light, and nuetrinos.
First stage of nueclear fusion
The Proton-Proton chain
The different ways nuclear fusion can happen
The proton-proton chain adds protons protons one at a time and through decay they become nuetrons. This process releases light and nuetrinos along the way.
The CNO Cycle
The CNO cycle is when hydrogen is converted into helium in a six step process. It is the same thing as the proton proton cycle but uses carbon, nitrogen, and oxegen to do so. The cycle only occurs in stars much bigger than the one in our solar system.
The CNO cycle
E=mc² and mass defects relation to nuclear fusion
The quation E=mc² is Einstiens idea that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. It also shows how you only need a very small amount of mass to create a large amount of energy.
Mass defects definition is the amount of mass lost after a atom goes through fusion.
How nuclear fusion releases energy, how E=mc² and mass defect
relates
When an atom goes through nuclear fusion it releases a huge amount of energy. We can under stand this through the equation E=mc² and mass defect. After fusion of an atom happens the little bit of mass taken from mass defect gets converted to energy from E=mc². This explains why there is the large release in energy from nuclear fusion.
Life cycle of a star and a summary of how nuclear fusion in stars build elements
The life cycle of a star and how nuclear fusion in stars build elements
life cycle of a star
Stellar Nebula
It is the state right before a cloud of dust clouds gravity collapses
Massive star
There is still not lot known about these stars but they do produce heavy meatals
Average Star
After collasping into one point the star begins to burn its supply of hydrogen and helium through nuclear fusion
Red Giant
loss of fuel in the core causes the star to expand up to a 1000 times bigger
Red SuperGiant
Same thing as red giant but a lot bigger
life cycle of a star
Supernova
a explosion of the star caused by the loss of any remaining fuel
Planetary Nebula
The star loses energy and it begins losing layers and forms a complex structure
White Dwarf
A very dense star that is at the end of a average star life
Black Hole
It has infinate gravity and has no mass
Nuetron Star
remnant of supernova that ejects particles
A summary of how nuclear fusion builds elements
A summary of how nuclear fusion in stars build elements
This proscess starts on the out side of the sun where a layer of hydrgen atoms
use the proton-proton chain an the cno cycle to make helium. The next fusion after helium is carbon, then oxygen, neon, magnisium, silicon, and finally it stops by making iron ash at the center. Each layer has its own step by step processs like the cno cycle that leads to the new atom being created.