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Formation and Evolution of Galaxies

a 13.8 billion year history

JWST

87 galaxies in this image formed between 200 and 400 million years after the Big Bang

  • Extrapolations estimate more galaxies than expected
  • Many producing too much light

Age based on Doppler Shift of light

The Milky Way

Formation of the Milky Way

Formation

  • Oldest regions date to 13.61 billion years old
  • Determined by radioactive decay of thorium-232 and uranium-238
  • Globular cluster collions
  • Similar to planetary formations
  • Increases mass
  • Flattens out
  • Starts rotating around a center of mass

Dark Matter

Galaxies have too

  • much mass
  • high of a rotational velocity

All visible matter collects in halos of dark matter

  • Referred to as 'Cosmic web'
  • Resulting formation is like neurons
  • Body, dendrites, and axons
  • Recent data suggests shockwaves can pass through the structures magnetic field

Composition of the Universe

Current State

Milky Way Mergers

  • Magellenic Clouds (large and small) in ~2.5 billion years
  • Andromeda Galaxy in ~4 billion years

Future

Local Group and Supercluster

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