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- Came to be in the late 1890s/early 1900s through the Arts and Crafts Movement and Asian art like Ukiyo-e becoming popular in Europe
- Flowy design with many inspirtations taken from the natural world (flowers, plants, nature, etc.)
- The term first appeared in a Belgian journal called L'Art Moderne (1884)
- Was used to define the works of artist group Les Vingt
- The name means "New Art"
- German born "art dealer" that ran an import/export business out of Paris
- Played a key role in popularizing Japanese ukiyo-e art in Europe
- Opened the first Art Nouveau gallery (L'Art Nouveau, 1885)
- Helped skyrocket the style into popularity in Europe
- Featured jewelry, paintings, ceramics, stained glass, furniture
- Expansion of mass production/mass printing allowed the style to spread throughout Europe
- Posters styles made by Jules Cheret and Eugene Grasset defined the graphic design of the era
- Physical items became associated with "luxury"
- Heavily marketed to middle class consumers who wanted "high fashion" style at a lower cost
- Liberty & Co.
- London retailer famous for selling Art Nouveau wares
- Works very intricate & complex, LOTS of small details!
- Symbolism
- Expressiveness and storytelling in paintings
- Cohesive style
- Depicts the four seasons as four women, seen as delicate and beautiful
- Lots of floral design
"Decorative Scene", Verlag Julius Hoffmann, 1908
"Rushes", Eugene Grasset, 1896
Example
- In Art Nouveau paintings and designs, women were depicted much more than men
- Male artists, female subjects
- Depicted in art as sexual, graceful, tall figures
- Depicted in design as adventurous, self-assured, happy
- Used in advertisements to sell lifestyles and products (We do the same today!)
- In jewelry, they were often depicted as sirens or fairies
Example
2
"Job Cigarettes" advertisement, Alphonse Mucha, 1896
"Loie Fuller at the Folies-Bergere",
Paul Dupont, 1897
- Many Art Nouveau architecture pieces were seen as a "step into modernity"
- Established class, and "aesthetic taste" among new groups in society
- As with illustration and design work, architecture design was very complex and intricate
Couronnes Metro Station, Paris, 1911
Maison Coilliot, Lille, 1898
- Built in Brussels, Belgium in 1893
- Designed by Victor Horta
- Famous example of Art Nouveau in architecture
Interior Doorway
Staircase
- Floral and natural inspirations even carried over to small items like jewelry, pots, vases, and more
Tableware set, Carl Knoll, 1900
Gold brooch by Unknown, 1900
Vase by Emile Galle, 1899
Pendant by Rene-Jules Lalique, 1901
Furniture items were less floral inspired and more "classy" with many curves and bends
Cabinet Vitrine by Gustave Serrurier-Bovy, 1899
Side chair by Edward Colonna, 1899
- After the 1910s, Art Nouveau quickly started to become "old-fashioned" and no longer as desired as it used to be, was swiftly abandoned by artists and designers
- Made a resurgence in the 1960s and 1970s in places like the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Musee National d'Art Moderne in France
Living room decor
Mural in Montreal
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/artn/hd_artn.htm
https://www.europeana.eu/en/exhibitions/art-nouveau-a-universal-style
https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Nouveau