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Cópia de The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method
and Identifying Parts of an Experiment
Simply put, science is our attempt to understand and explain the natural world.
Intro
|
What is
The Scientific Method?
The Scientific Method
is a step-by-step way in which scientists answer questions.
Ask a question.
Research the topic.
Form a hypothesis.
Test the Hypothesis.
Gather data.
Analyze results.
Draw a conclusion.
Communicate results.
1.
2.
3.4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The problem identifies what you want to find out.
Develop a clear statement defining the problem Make sure your problem is narrowed/specific enough. It must be testable!
You always start with
The Problem/Question.
Question/Problem
State the problem in
the form of a question:
How does __________ affect _______?
What is the effect of _______ on ________?
Ask experts on the subject you are researching.
3.
1.
Write down all information you already know.
Research
2.
Research the topic you are investigating by using books or the internet (make sure they're reliable sources).
How do you test a
What is a
1.
Hypothesis?
Experiment
Develop a test to support or not support your hypothesis.
Multiple
Tests
The test must be run multiple times.
2.
3.
Independent
Experimental
The Scientific Method
It is called an
1.
3.
2.
Variable
and Identifying Parts of an Experiment
It is an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested.
4.
and Control
“Educated Guess”
Usually begins with
“I believe that....”
Must have only 1 independent variable (the factor being tested).
Must have 2 setups: “Experimental” (gets the independent variable) and “Control” (does not get the independent variable).
An experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group and an experimental group.
What is a
Controlled Experiment?
The control group is used for comparison. It does not get the independent variable.
What is a
Control Group?
The group that gets the independent variable to see how it
affects or changes
something (or doesn't).
What is an
Experimental Group?
A variable is something that can change, either naturally or on purpose.
Independent variable
1.
The factor that the scientist has changed (on purpose) in order to test the hypothesis. It is the cause.
2.
Independent variable
The result of what the scientist changed. It is the effect of what happened in
the experiment. This happens naturally -
no one makes it happen.
The scientist does not have
control over this variable.
What is a
Variable?
Everything that
the scientist keeps
the same in both
the control group and the experimental group.
What are
Constants?
How can you
What do you do with your data?
Make Observations
Any use of the senses to gather information.
Gather
Qualitative Observations
You analyze
it and look for patterns.
When you analyze your data it helps to create graphs (Line Graphs, Bar Graphs) and complete all necessary mathematical calculations.
Anything that you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear.
Data?
Ex. Blue, bitter, fizzing sound.
Quantitative Observations
>
Any observation that can be measured.
Must include a number.
What do you do with
>
your observations?
Ex. 5 centimeters long
You record them!
Usually data is recorded in a chart or table.
Question/Problem
How Do You Write a Conclusion?
You must follow these 5 steps.
1.
State whether your hypothesis is supported by your data or not.
2.
Restate your original hypothesis.
3.
Use exact data to support what you have just written.
4.
Apply error analysis: Think about what you found out in your research. Consider any improvements to your procedure.
5.
Offer explanations for why you think the results of your experiment were what they were. Ask a new question – what do you want to do next?
Can you identify the parts of an experiment?
Six bean plants are to be tested to see what happens if they are placed in the dark. They all have the same type of container, the same amount of soil, and the same amount of water.
Three plants will be placed in a sunlit window and three plants will be placed in a dark closet for 2 weeks.
1.
What is the question?
2.
What is the independent
variable?
3.
What is
the dependent variable?
4.
Which is the
control group
and which is the experimental group?
Thank you