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Middle East Timeline

Nicholas Votroubek

Egyptians

3100 B.C.-332 B.C.

The Egyptians had a very advanced knowledge of medicine for their time. Because of their work with mummies, they learned a lot about human anatomy. Anatomy is the study of the body and its organs. The ancient Egyptians were skilled surgeons who studied diseases and developed medicines to treat them.

Egyptians

Sumerians

6500-4100 B.C.E.

Sumerians

The Sumerians were the first people to migrate to Mesopotamia, they created a great civilization. Beginning around 5,500 years ago, the Sumerians built cities along the rivers in Lower Mesopotamia, specialized, cooperated, and made many advances in technology. The wheel, plow, and writing (a system which we call cuneiform) are examples of their achievements.

Babylonians

2350-1761 B.C.E.

Babylonians

Among the most spectacular aspects of the mathematical skills of the Babylonians was their construction of tables to aid calculation. Unearthed Babylonian tablets give squares of the numbers up to 59 and cubes of the numbers up to 32.

Persians

559 B.C.E.-331 B.C.E.

Persians

The Persians were the first people to establish regular routes of communication between three continents—Africa, Asia and Europe. They built many new roads and developed the world's first postal service.

Greeks

1600 B.C.-146 B.C.

Greeks

They developed the world’s first democracy. They were the first people to take the scientific approach to medicine by actually studying the diseases. (Hippocrates). Playwrights wrote and produced the first dramas in outdoor theaters. (Euripides & Sophocles)

Romans

625 B.C.-476 A.D.

Romans

It was one of the largest empires in history till that point. The Roman arch became a foundational aspect of Western architecture. Roman aqueducts are considered engineering marvels.

Caliphate

632-1171

Caliphate

During the Abbasid Caliphate, the Islamic Empire greatly contributed to the advancement of many fields such as literature and philosophy, science and medicine, mathematics, and art. This period was called the Islamic Golden Age which lasted from 790 to 1258.

Crusader Kingdoms

1098-1291

Crusader Kingdoms

The major accomplishment was the establishment of Christian rule of the Levant and the holy sites of Christendom through the establishment through the Crusader states. The first crusade, contrary to a common narrative these days, was above all a religious enterprise. The main goal was to recapture Jerusalem which had been captured from the Byzantine Empire in 637. In particular, the church of the holy sepulchre had been destroyed (then rebuilt) in the early 11th century, and in essence the core motivation was to reclaim and protect the holy land.

Mongols

1206-1368

Mongols

At the empire's peak, Mongols controlled up to 12 million square miles. Despite its reputation for brutal warfare, the Mongol Empire briefly enabled peace, stability, trade, and protected travel under a period of “Pax Mongolica,” or Mongol peace, beginning in about 1279 and lasting until the empire's end.

Otooman Empire

1299-1453

Ottoman Empire

The Ottomans were known for their achievements in art, science and medicine. Istanbul and other major cities throughout the empire were recognized as artistic hubs, especially during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.

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