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Because the South was reliant on cotton, they made plantations for them and got slaves from West Africa to do the labor for them. Slaves were treated like animals, with harsh living conditions and no real freedom.
In 1820, Missouri wanted to join the United States. They let Missouri join the Union as a slave state. It ended up changing the balance of the US, as there was now more slave states than free states, so they let Maine join the Union as a free state.
Many Southern states also believed that states should have a higher level of control over themselves than the national government. As a result, many laws and acts created by the more unified North, were “nullified” by the South because they didn’t like those laws.
Because of complaints from the South about slaves escaping into the North for freedom, the North passed the Fugitive Slave Act. This law required anyone that caught slaves in the North to return them back to the South.
The Compromise of 1850 let California become a free state, and New Mexico and Utah became territories. Whether or not slavery was allowed there depended on popular sovereignty there. The Fugitive Slave Act also got changed. The Union became sort of unstable because of the hate for the weakened Fugitive Slave Act. The Georgia Platform was created to keep Georgia from making things worse.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a novel created by Harriet Beecher Stowe, talking about the true horrors about slavery. It was the most best-selling novel of the 19th century.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was an act that allowed the people of Kansas and Nebraska to decide on if they wanted slavery. This made many abolitionists and slavery supporters go into Kansas, sparking a “mini civil war”.
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The Dred Scott Case was a case where Dred Scott got his freedom from slavery legally and went into free states. He entered back into Missouri and they revoked his freedom, and as a result he sued the state of Missouri. It ended up with him losing.
John Brown’s raid was a raid designed to cause a slave rebellion by attacking an arsenal in Virginia. He, as well as about 20 others ended up falling to the US army.
When Lincoln got elected, South Carolina seceded first. The rest of the South then continued to secede as well, eventually forming the confederacy.
The election of 1860 was a major one, as if Abraham Lincoln won presidency, the South would secede from the Union. He ended up winning, even though his name wasn’t even on the ballot in most southern states.
Fort Sumter, a Union fort in South Carolina, was attacked by confederate soldiers. No one was actually harmed in battle, but 1 soldier died to a misfiring. This marked the start of the American Civil War.
The Battle of Antietam was the deadliest single-day battle in the Civil War. Even though neither side really won, it was a strategic victory for the Union.
The Battle of Gettysburg was the deadliest battle in the Civil War overall, reaching 50,000 casualties. The two sides fought in Pennsylvania, and it marked the “turning point of the Civil War” as Confederate forces were very outnumbered and thus, the battle was a Union victory.
Soldiers battled in Southeastern Tennessee and Northwestern Georgia, calling it the
Battle of Chickamauga. It was a Confederate victory, but both sides had
more than 16,000 casualties.
Abraham Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address, a speech, 4 ½ months after the Battle of Gettysburg. It is seen as one of the most influential speeches in US history.
Colonel William Sherman was on a mission to destroy Georgia, as after that, the South would be so destroyed that it wouldn’t be able to fix itself to continue fighting. He burned everything in his path, from the Appalachian Plateau to Savannah.
Andersonville Prison, in Georgia, served as the site of a notorious Confederate military prison. Officially called Camp Sumter, it was the South’s largest prison for captured Union soldiers and known for its unhealthy conditions and high death rate. Approximately 13,000 Union prisoners perished at Andersonville from February 1864 until the end of the American Civil War in April 1865.