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Three Chinese Philosophies
84
How did Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism influence political rule in ancient China?
Lesson 21 Summary
Confucianism Daoism Legalism
Kongfuzi (Confucius)
Lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E. in the Lu province
Founder
Society and Government need to exist in peace.
Teachings
“Without feelings of respect, what is there to distinguish men from beasts?”
Goal: just and peaceful society
Society can be in harmony based on good behavior and fulfilling relationship roles
Teachings
Relationships
five basic relationships between people
“It is not possible for one to teach others who cannot teach his own family.”
Father to son
Ruler and Subject
Foundation of Respect for Status, Age and Obedience.
- Confucian practices did not have women in formal roles outside of the home (exception: ruling families)
- Ruler should be father-like
- sets moral example
Friend to fRiend
older to younger sibling
Husband and wife
- Based on status and age
- husbands should be fair, wives understanding
- Older have a duty to the younger
- Younger must respect older sibling!
Influence
The Analects: Collections of teachings
Influence
Example of Sayings
Quote
Confucius said to his follower:
The gentleman first practices what he preaches
and then preaches what he practices.
Confucius said to his student:
Shall I teach you what knowledge is?
When you know a thing, say that you know it;
when you do not know a thing,
admit that you do not know it.
That is knowledge.
Examination time!
Examination areas
1
Government: Civil service examinations=>based on ability and the Analects
Influence of Confucius
2
Government officials expected to know the roles of everyone in society
3
Values: respect for elders, proper behavior, scholarship
"The Great Sage"
wrong Sage mode
founder/teachings
Laozi (500s BCE?)
Teachings
Dao "the Way"=force of the natural universe
live in harmony=happiness and peace with nature
Balance Yin and Yang: opposing force
The Classic of the Way and Its Power.
Influence
Influence on China
Best rulers don't really rule
meditation
Rulers should let kingdom be
not strive for fame and power
Acceptance of nature
Rulers are "hands off"
Self-discovery
Rulers should not be harsh
evolved into a religion
Laws and social rules conflict with nature
Founder
Han feizi
280-233 BCE
Born to royalty
Betrayed by his own student and poisoned.
Teachings
3
1
Government workers should be closely watched and punished for poor performance
People are naturally selfish and will only pursue their own interests-not the
2
rulers need to be strict to enforce laws and correct behavior
Rewards and punishments
Basic Teachings
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~freeman/courses/phil301/13.%20Han%20Feizi.pdf
2
Quotes
If you do not guard the door, if you do not make fast the gate, then tigers will lurk there.
1
3
In applying punishments, light offenses
should be punished heavily;
if light offenses do
not appear, heavy offenses will not come.
But in doling out punishment he is as terrible as the thunder; even the holy sages cannot
assuage him.
First legalistic ruler of all China.
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/1zzM-1CTmgBjOLTco3Eqi90dvm65c70Nw
Qin Dynasty
Influence
Shi Huangdi built a central government.
Criticize the government=punishment!