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Mongol Empire Timeline

By: Noah Martens

1206

1206 - Genghis Khan Becomes Leader of the Mongols

Born with the name Temujin in the 1160s, his early life was a difficult struggle for survival. At age 20, he began building and army to conquer and unite all of the Mongolian Tribes. By 1206, Temujin had united all the Mongolian Tribes and was named Genghis Khan, which means universal leader.

1211

1211 - Genghis Khan Begins Expanding his Empire

Genghis Khan conquers the Western Xia and then attacks the Jin Dynasty, a nation of 20 million people, sparking a 20 year long war. Genghis Khan and his army of 70,000 eventually win the war by using clever military tactics

1219

1219 - Mongol Empire Attack Khwarzin Dynasty

In 1219, Genghis Khan leads an army of 200,000 Mongol soldiers against the Khwarzin Dynasty in response to the Khwarzin leader not cooperating. By 1222 Khan conquers the entire Khwarzin Dynasty.

1221

1221 - The Mongol Empire Begins Trading

After conquering the Khwarzin Dynasty the Mongols begin trading with other empires in China and Europe.

1227

1227 - Genghis Khan Dies

Before Genghis Khan dies, he divides his empire between his 4 sons. Genghis's one son, Ogedai becomes Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. In 1227, Genghis Khan in his sleep.

1241

1241 - Ogedai Khan Dies

In 1241, Ogedai Khan dies of alcoholism. This led to a decade long power struggle among Mongol elites. In 1251, Genghis's grandson Mongke became Great Khan of the Mongol Empire

1259

1259 - Mongke Khan Dies

In 1259, Mongke Khan dies in action invading Syria. After Mongke died all of the Mongol generals were called to the capital to choose Mongke's successor. This caused one of the generals to take some of his armies away from their battles. In that battle the Muslim Mamluks defeated that Mongol army. This was the Mongol Empire's first permanent loss.

1260

1260 - Toluid Civil War

After the death of Mongke Khan the Mongol Empire was not able to agree on who would be the next Khan. This led to a civil war between Genghis Khan's descendants where the Mongol Empire broke into four Empires: Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate, and the Yuan Dynasty.

1264

1264 - Mongols Begin to Lose Power

Over the next hundred years the divided Mongol Empire gradually grew weaker. Because they don't have one great leader, their is no political organization. The Mongol Empire starts losing wars and land.

1368

1368 - Ming Dynasty Conquer Yuan Dynasty

In 1368, the Ming Dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty which covered most of Mongol Empire's remaining land. At that point Genghis Khan's last descendants retreated to Mongolia, where they ruled untill 1635.

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