Peru Timeline

Arrival

of the Spanish Forces

Francisco Pizarro Arrives

In 1532, Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru. The goal the Spanish had was to acquire new land for their country. The Spanish also spread Christianity, and they ended up defeating some native peoples, such as the Incas, so there were less people to spread Christianity to. Francisco Pizarro forced Atahualpa to switch to this religion before he had him murdered.

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish Invade Cuzco

In 1534, Spanish forces invaded the Inca city of Cuzco. The goal was to gain control of the region that is now Peru. The Spanish were led by Francisco Pizarro. Many of the residents of the city were killed, though I am sure the Spanish still had at least a few deaths, even in the surprise attack. Spanish forces felt they had to take the city partially because it was the capital of the Inca Empire.

Cuzco Ruins

1536- Manco Inca Executed and replaced by Spanish Sapa Incas

In 1536, Manco Inca was executed and replaced by Spanish Sapa Incas. The goal of the Spanish was to give them more power over the Inca. This was a problem for the declining Inca population, since the Incas had lost their last native ruler. Another benefit for the Spanish was that they destroyed a major threat. Francisco Pizarro ordered a massacre on the Inca and in the chaos captured Manco Inca (also known as Atahualpa) and made him revert to Christianity than killed him.

This is a portrait of Manco Inca

Peru and Bolivia formed a confederation which lasted less than three years

What I learned what the spanish conquistadors and Francisco Pizarro were the at war. This was located in Peru 1541. The outcome of the war was Francisco Pizarro’s death. The goal for the Spanish conquistadors was to kill Francisco Pizarro. Some key events in my research were: In 1513 Francisco joined the crew of Fernandez Enciso. Francisco was a spanish explorer the brought down the Incan empire in 1530. Know one really knows the day or the exact year he was born, but he was born in between the year 1471-1476 and died 1541. The lesson I learned in this research was, you have to have patients to

1551 – San Marcos, the first university of the Americas was founded in Lima

In 1551, San Marcos, the first university of the Americas, was founded in Lima. The university was then closed and not to be reopened until 1861 because the Peruvian republic was being established. The university then became an autonomous institution. The university was then reorganized in 1946 and again in 1969 when they added modern academic programs. The university was opened because of the need to teach Peruvians. A lesson that we can use in the present is that you can improve many lives with just one change.

This is a current day photo of the University of San Marcos.

Tupac Amaru I, the last Inca royal, was captured and executed by orders of Viceroy Toledo.

What I learned that the last Inca royal named Tupac Amro was captured and electrocuted by Nicerue Toledo. This was located in Peru 1572. The goal for Nicerue Toledo was to have killed and electrocute Tupac Amro. The out come of this event was the death of Tupac Amro. Some key events are from 1780 to 1783 Tupac stormed through the Andes. Tupac also claimed to fight in the name of “The Spanish King.” The lesson I learned while doing this research is never give up until you have reached your goal.

1780 – Tupac Amaru II claimed to be the last Inca royal heir, led a rebellion which ended in his execution

In 1780, Tupac Amaru II claimed to be the last Inca royal heir and lead a rebellion. Ameru had lead the Peruvian peasants in an unsuccessful rebellion against spanish rule. Then in 1780, he was arrested on charges of cruelty. His arrest led to the last general Indian rebellion against Spain, which was spread across southern Peru. Then in 1781, Ameru was captured and killed. After he did this the problem (that the Spanish were ruling over Peru) not solved, so the Spanish were still in charge. A lesson that we can use in the present is that you need to fight for what you believe in.

This is a portrait of Tupac Amaru II.

1824 – Peru won the battle of Ayacucho sealing its independence from Spain

In 1824, when Peru won the battle of Independence from Spain, the events that led to this are Jose de San Martin creates the Army of the Andes to Liberate Peru. This was important because The Army of the Andes played an important role in the early stages of the war. Next, Martin lands in the port of Paracas in southern Peru. This is Martin's first action in Peru against Spain. Martin then urges to create a constitutional Monarchy (a government type where a country is still loyal to a monarch but has a constitution that gives the people rights and allows them to govern themselves) to the Spanish viceroy. However, this proposal was rejected. After being rejected by the Spanish, Martin takes matters into his own hands by declaring Peruvian independence in 1821. In the years after Martins declaration the Spanish were defeated by the rebels and successfully secured independence from Peru.

This is a portrait of Jose de San Martin that was painted in the 1820’s.

Peru and Bolivia formed a confederation which lasted less than three years.✓

What I learned that the spanish conquistadors and Francisco Pizarro were the at war. This was located in Peru 1541. The outcome of the war was Francisco Pizarro’s death. The goal for the Spanish conquistadors was to kill Francisco Pizarro. Some key events in my research were: In 1513 Francisco joined the crew of Fernandez Enciso. Francisco was a spanish explorer the brought down the Incan empire in 1530.Know one really knows the day or the exact year he was born, but he was born in between the year 1471-1476 and died 1541. The lesson I learned in this research was, you have to have patients to accomplish your goals.