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HUMAN ECOLOGY THEORY

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY

The Human Ecology Theory suggests that individuals and families are influenced by external factors/layers that impact systems through complex relationships including: the family, peers, education, parental employment and social/cultural norms, values and beliefs held in society (Guy-Evans, 2020).

THE FAMILY UNIT

Individual/Family Development Considerations:

THE INDIVIDUAL/FAMILY UNIT

The Individual/Family Unit

  • Age
  • Sex/Gender
  • Physiological Health
  • Mental Health
  • Independence/Autonomy
  • Social/Emotional Development
  • Interpersonal Relationships

MICROSYSTEM

Immediate Environments/Close Contacts:

Microsystem

MICROSYSTEM

The Individual/Family Unit

  • Parents
  • Siblings
  • Teachers
  • School
  • Friends
  • Extended family members living in the home

Mesosystem

Connections with Microsystems

Mesosystem

Microsystem

Influential Relationships that Impact the Family Unit:

MESOSYSTEM

The Individual/Family Unit

  • Interpersonal connections between family members, i.e., parent-child, parent-sibling
  • Parents and child's school
  • Parents and child's teacher
  • Siblings
  • Peers

Exosystem

EXOSYSTEM

Indirect Impacts on Individuals and Families:

Mesosystem

Microsystem

EXOSYSTEM

  • Parent's workplace
  • Children's schools
  • Family friends
  • Neighbors
  • Media

The Individual/Family Unit

Macrosystem

MACROSYSTEM

Larger Cultural/Social Context

Exosystem

Mesosystem

Microsystem

MACROSYSTEM

The Individual/Family Unit

  • Race
  • Ethnicity
  • Sexual Orientation
  • Gender Roles
  • Politics
  • Social/Cultural Values, Norms and Beliefs

Chronosystem

Chronosystem

Macrosystem

Exosystem

Mesosystem

Microsystem

The Individual/Family Unit

CHRONOSYSTEM

Time, Transition and Change

  • Major life changes, i.e., moving, job/career changes
  • Aging
  • Family dynamics changes, i.e. divorce, death
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