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Rizal decided to return in Manila

May, 1892

Reasons

Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila.

This decision was spurred by the following:

Spur

  • to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
  • to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila
  • to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause

The return of Rizal:

  • Relatives and friends of Rizal oppased his decision
  • Trinidad tearfully warned him to desist

Family

Lette's attack

It was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic—a patriot in words only

Rizal protested to Del Pilar saying:

Rizal protest

"I am more convinved that yourself to be carried away. Friend or enemy, if the article has harmed me, it would harm more the itnerests of the Philippines. Who knows, however, if after it was for the best; it has shaken me awake, and long after a long silence I enter a field anew . . .I am going to activate the Propaganda again and fortify the Liga"

May 23, 1892

He sent a letter of protest to Mariano Ponce against the article of Eduardo Lete published in the La Solidaridad. He wondered why Marcelo H. del Pilar permitted the publication of such article. He feared that it would lead the Filipinos to believe the existence of schism among them. He was angry and furious at the attack of Lete.

Rizal to Ponce

24 May 1892

Rizal to Zalueta

In Hongkong, Rizal wrote a letter to Juan Zulueta complaining of the article of Lete published in the La Solidaridad. He said that the article of Lete is highly impolite and prejudicial to the Philippines.

June

On June 19, 1892 he spent his 31st birthday in Hong Kong.

Last letters

Premonition

Rizals premonition of his death

Premonition

June 20 1892

  • 2 Sealed letters made by Rizal
  • To be opened after his death
  • To Dr. Marques (Safe Keeper)

"To my Parents, Brethen and Friends"

"To the Filipinos"

To my dear parents, brothers, and friends,

The love that I have always professed you has induced me to take this step that only the future can say if it is sensible or not. Success judges things according to their consequences; but whether favorable or unfavorable, it will always be said that my duty has dictated it to me, and it does not matter should I die in its fulfillment.

I know that I have made you suffer greatly but I am not repenting of what I have done, and if I had to begin anew, I would again do the same thing that I did, because that is my duty. Gladly I depart to expose myself to danger, not to atone for my faults (for on this point I do not believe I have committed any), but to finish my work and to confirm with my example what I have always preached.

Man ought to die for his duty and his convictions. I maintain all the ideas that I have expressed concerning the state and the future of my country, and I will die gladly for her, and nay, to obtain justice and tranquility for you.

I risk my life with pleasure to save so many innocent persons, so many nephews, so many children of friends and not friends, who are suffering because of me. What am I? Only one man, almost without a family, quiet disenchanted with life. I have had many deceptions, and my future is dark, and it will be very dark if the light does not illuminate it, the dawn, of my native land. Whereas there are so many beings full of hope and fancies who perhaps may all be happy at my death, which I hope will satisfy my enemies, and they will no longer persecute so many innocent persons. Until a certain point their hatred of me is justified, not however with respect to my parents and relatives.

If luck is against me, let everybody know that I will die happy with the thought that my death has ended all their bitterness. Return to our native land and be happy there.

Until the last moment of my life I will think of you and wish you all kinds of happiness.

José Rizal

To my parents, Brethen and Friends

To the Filipinos

"The step which I have taken or which I am about to take is very hazardous, no doubt, and I need not say that I have thought much about it. I know that almost everybody is against it, but I know also that almost nobody knows what is going on in my heart. I cannot live knowing that many are suffering unjust persecutions on my account; I cannot live seeing my brother, sisters, and their numerous families pursued like criminals; I prefer to face death, I gladly give my life to free so many innocents from such unjust persecution. I know that at present, the future of my country to some extent gravitates about me; that if I die, many will exult, and that therefore many are longing for my destruction. But what shall I do? I have duties to my conscience above all, I have obligation to the families which suffer, to my old parents, whose sighs pierce to my heart; I know that I alone, even with my death, am able to make them happy, permitting them to return to their native land and to the tranquility of their home. I have only my parents, but my country has many sons besides myself who are able to take my place and are already taking my place successfully

I desire, furthermore, to let those who deny our patriotism, see that we know how to die for our duty and for our conviction. "what matters death if one dies for what he loves, for his motherland, and the beings he adores?"

If I supposed that I was the only fulcrum for the policy of the Philippines, and if I were convinced that my fellow countrymen would utilize my services, perhaps, I should hesitate to take this step; there are still others who can, with advantage, take my place.

I have always loved my poor motherland, and am sure I shall love her to the last moment, even though perhaps men are unjust to me; and my future, my life, my joys, all have been sacrificed for my love of her. Whatever my fate may be, I shall die blessing her and longing for the dawn of her redemption.

Publish the letters after my death"

José Rizal

Letter to Despujol

June 21, 1892

Rizal penned another letter in Hong Kong for Governor Despujol, incidentally his third letter to that discourteous Spanish chief executive.

June 21 1892

"Spanish trap"

  • Immediately after Rizal’s departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish consul general who issued the government guarantee of safety, sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim “is in the trap”.

June 21, 1892

Secret

On the same day (June 21, 1892), a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation”

Saving

Luis de la Torre- secretary of Despujol, ordered to find out if Rizal was naturalized as a German citizen so that he might take proper action against one who had the protection of a strong nation.

REFERENCES

http://www.joserizal.ph/tr50.html

References

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