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Waves and vibrations in physics can include sound, light, electromagnetic waves, water waves, and more. These are all related because they can be described in similar ways and they each involve periodic motion.
Imagine dropping a stone into a pool and watching the ripples. A wave is a disturbance, or transfer of energy in the form of wave fronts.
(This should look familiar to anyone who's been through Precalc)
Depending on the the size and structure of an instrument, sounds are created at natural vibrational frequencies. These natural frequencies of a musical instrument are called the harmonics. Resonance is when parts of an instrument interact and force each other into vibrating at their harmonics, or standing wave patterns.
The velocity of a traveling wave in a stretched string is determined by the tension and the mass per unit length of the string.
v= velocity
f= frequency
Hz= Hertz
f= frequency
m= mass
L= length
T= tension (N)
L= length
m= mass
f= frequency
Period and frequency measure time in the motion of a pendulum. This is very helpful in music. Amplitude helps identify the size of the vibration of a sound.
Energy
for sitting through this boring presentation but hey now you know a little something about vibrations and wave phenomena :)
“Physics of Stringed Instruments.” Explore Sound, Acoustical Society of America , 27 Sept. 2017, exploresound.org/2017/02/physics-stringed-instruments/.
“Waves.” Waves Power Point , www.augusta.k12.va.us/cms/lib01/VA01000173/Centricity/Domain/396/Waves-new.pdf.
“Measurements With a Steel String.” Standing Waves on a String, hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Waves/string2.html#c2.
“Guitar Strings.” The Physics Classroom, The Physics Classroom , www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-5/Guitar-Strings.
Omiexstrike. “Violin String Wavelength.” Physics Forums Science Articles, Homework Help, Discussion, Physics Forums , 7 Apr. 2017, www.physicsforums.com/threads/violin-string-wavelength.740379/.