Paradigm Shift TOK

Thomas Kuhn

History

Kuhn's 1962 book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, transformed the philosophy of science and changed the way many scientists think about their work. But his influence extended well beyond the academy: The book was widely read — and seeped into popular culture. One measure of his influence is the widespread use of the term "paradigm shift," which he introduced in articulating his views about how science changes over time.

From Reality to Possibility

21st Century

A single thought appears to be able to change the physical world. Increasingly, we are becoming aware that it isn’t about the current reality we live in, nor the current way we do business, but about the world we want to live in. But if such a simple thing as a thought is able to change the world, the following fundamental question of will has to be adressed (both for yourself as for our organisations): do I want to change the world for the better or conform to ‘the way we do things around here’?

The Arts

Women are depicted as fragile/vulnerable or strong and independent during various periods of time.

The Arts

http://sites.psu.edu/janechungrclblog/2014/10/23/art-paradigm-shift-from-portraits-to-abstract/

Ethics

Nietzsche argued that we have moved from the pre moral, to the moral stage, and that we will eventually reach the extra moral stage. This means that justice have paved its way into societies when someone have committed crimes.

Ethics

History

There have been endless paradigm shifts that went on in history that cannot be bottled up in one bubble.

History

Human Sciences

The most notable shifts in human sciences include the cultural, interpretive, narrative, and postmodern turns, and in the 21st century the pace at which new turns appear just seems to accelerate.

Human Sciences

https://www.utu.fi/en/research/research-collegia/tias/events/past-events/Sivut/TURNS-2016.aspx

Indigenous Knowledge System

IKS

Actions currently being taken by indigenous people in communities throughout the world clearly demonstrate that a significant “paradigm shift” is under way in which indigenous knowledge and ways of knowing are beginning to be recognized as consisting of complex knowledge systems with an adaptive integrity of their own.

http://schoolingtheworld.org/resources/essays/indigenous-knowledge-systems/

Mathematics

Mathematics

Revision perpetuates a “quick fix” approach whereby

new components are adapted to fit within the bounds of

the accepted paradigm. Thus, revision in mathematics

education leads to surface level modifications but does little to

substantively alter deeply held beliefs about the

nature of mathematics, how it is to be taught, the sort

of learning that is valued, and how success is

determined.

Strengths

Weaknesses

COMPANY

LOGO

Co. D

https://www.utu.fi/en/research/research-collegia/tias/events/past-events/Sivut/TURNS-2016.aspx

Natural Science

Natural Science

Darwin collected evidence showing that species could change and new species could arise from older ones. He also showed that change was shaped by natural selection.

http://education.seattlepi.com/examples-paradigm-shift-biology-4718.html

Religious Knowledge System

RKS

Science accepted the biblical doctrine that God had designed living species perfectly, so their forms hadn't changed since the Creation.

http://education.seattlepi.com/examples-paradigm-shift-biology-4718.html