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preparation for delivery

Kochr A. Mahmood

If labor is active, they should receive little or nothing by mouth to prevent possible vomiting and aspiration during delivery or in case emergency delivery with general anesthesia is necessary.

If labor is active, they should receive little or nothing by mou...

During a normal labor of 6 to 10 h, women should be given 500 to 1000 mL of this solution. The infusion prevents dehydration during labor and subsequent hemoconcentration and maintains an adequate circulating blood volume.

During a normal labor of 6 to 10 h, women should be given 500 to 10...

Analgesia: Analgesics may be given during labor as needed, but only the minimum amount required for maternal comfort should be given because analgesics cross the placenta and may depress the neonate.

Analgesia: Analgesics may be given during labor as need...

Providing warmth for the newborn

A newborn baby is wet from the amniotic fluid and can easily become cold.

Drying the baby and using warm blankets can help prevent heat loss. Often placed on the baby's head. Placing a baby skin-to-skin on the mother's chest or abdomen also helps to keep the baby warm. This early skin-to-skin contact also reduces crying, improves mother-infant interaction, and helps mothers to breastfeed successfully.

Immediate care for the newborn

• Activity; muscle tone

• Pulse rate

• Grimace; reflex irritability

• Appearance; skin color

• Respiration

APGR scor from (1 to 5 mint.)

Immediate care for the newborn

Physical examination of the newborn in the delivery room

• Temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate

• Weight, length, and head circumference

• Cord care, Bath.

Once a baby's temperature has stabilized, the first bath can be given

• Footprints

Nursing Care of the Mother:

- Reduce anxiety and offer assistance

- Do not interrupt breathing during contractions

- Promote change of positions

- Administer IV solution.

- Assess and record v/s, fetal heart rate(FHR), uterine contractions

- Clean perineum with warm antiseptic before birth.

- Inspect delivered placenta

- Monitor vital signs (15 minutes)

Postnatal Care (Puerperium)

  • The puerperium covers the 6-week period following birth

Common puerperal problems

  • • Perineum:
  • • If the perineum is painful, it is important to check the sutures and check for any signs of infection. Occasionally, sutures may need to be removed.
  • • Approximately 50% of women will develop some urinary incontinence and this usually takes the form of stress incontinence. This may persist after the pregnancy.
  • Bowel problems:
  • Constipation may be a problem for a short time and stool softeners may be useful.
  • Haemorrhoids may be more painful after the birth and these normally disappear within a few weeks.
  • Mastitis
  • Backache
  • Psychological problems
  • Bowel problems:
  • Constipation may be...

Serious maternal health problems

• Postpartum haemorrhage:

Primary postpartum haemorrhage is defined as loss of more than 500 ml of blood during the first 24 hours.

• Puerperal pyrexia: • Defined as temperature 38°C or above during the first 14 days after delivery.

  • Deep vein thrombosis: this is indicated by low-grade fev...
  • Deep vein thrombosis: this is indicated by low-grade fever, raised pulse rate and a feeling of uneasiness.

Postnatal care

• All maternity care providers should encourage breast-feeding.

• At each postnatal contact, women should be asked about their emotional well-being, what family and social support they have and their usual coping strategies

• Women and their families/partners should be encouraged to tell their healthcare professional about any changes in mood,

Postnatal care

  • At each postnatal contact, parents should be offered information and advice to enable them to:
  • • Identify signs and symptoms of common health problems seen in babies.
  • • Contact a healthcare professional or emergency service if required.
  • At each postnatal contact, parents shou...

Maternal Activity

• The mother should start walking about as soon as possible.

• This is an important time for the woman to be encouraged to breast-feed and learn to care for her infant.

• Uterine contractions continue after birth and some women suffer after-pains, particularly when breast-feeding, and may require analgesics.

• Breast-feeding

Contraception

• Breast-feeding

• Contraception is not necessary in the 21 days after childbirth.

Family planning

It is the planning of when to have children, the use of birth control and other techniques to implement such plans.

Family planning

Types of birth control

Types of birth control

Birth Control Pills: releasing eggs, preventing fertilization. 95 % effective take it at the same time each day or risk getting pregnant.

Birth Control Ring: The small, flexible birth control ring is placed in the vagina, where it releases a steady supply of progestin and estrogen hormones. Over 99 % effective . Unwanted side effects such as nausea and weight gain.

Condoms: Thin latex coverings that form a barrier between sperm and the vagina. 95 to 97 % effective and Protecting against STDs. Female and male varieties are available.

IUDs: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small copper or plastic device inserted into the uterus that creates a hostile environment for sperm. Some IUDs release small amounts of hormones. IUDs last from 5 to 12 years.

Spermicide: Creams, jellies or suppositories that stop sperm from moving. but they are not effective when used alone.

Surgery: Women and men can be sterilized. In women, tubal ligation is performed to cut off the fallopian tubes so eggs cannot be released into the uterus for fertilization. Men have a vasectomy, where the tubes that carry sperm are blocked. Sterilization is nearly 100 percent effective, but should be considered a permanent decision.

Maternal activity

• The mother should start walking about as soon as possible.

• This is an important time for the woman to be encouraged to breast-feed and learn to care for her infant.

• Uterine contractions continue after birth and some women suffer after-pains, particularly when breast-feeding, and may require analgesics.

Breast-feeding

Breast-feeding

• Boosting the baby's immune system.

• Reduction of autoimmune disorders later in life.

• Reducing risk of cot death.

• Reducing gastrointestinal problems.

• Promoting bonding between the mother and her baby.

• Breast engorgement may cause a lot of discomfort but is usually relieved by good bra support and analgesia.

• Women who are unable to breast-feed or prefer to bottle-feed also need support and advice, including feeding routines and sterilising.

Contraception

• Contraception is not necessary in the 21 days after childbirth.

• Methods that are suitable choices for breast-feeding women include the lactation-amenorrhoea method, barrier methods, intrauterine devices. the progestogen-only pill, injectable progesterone contraceptives, the etonogestrel implant and sterilisation.

Family planning

Types of birth control

Birth Control Pills: Pills keep a woman's ovaries from releasing eggs, thus preventing fertilization. Birth control pills are 95 percent effective with standard use.

Birth Control Ring: The small, flexible birth control ring is placed in the vagina, where it releases a steady supply of progestin and estrogen hormones. The ring is over 99 percent effective

Condoms: Condoms are thin latex coverings that form a barrier between sperm and the vagina.

IUDs: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small copper or plastic device inserted into the uterus that creates a hostile environment for sperm

Spermicide

Surgery

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