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PROPER UTILIZATION OF FOOD
5
Transcript
Classification of Foods
Introduction
Classification of Foods
Introduction
Introduction
- Life cannot be sustained without adequate nourishment.
- Man needs adequate food for growth and development and to lead an active and healthy life.
- Food plays an important role in maintaining a person's nutritional and health status.
CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD BY NUTRIENTS
Plants
CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD BY ORIGIN
CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD BY ORIGIN
- Plants
- Animals
- Many plant & plant part are eaten as a food.
- Seeds are good source of food for animals including humans because they contain nutrients.
- All seeds are not healthy. Eg- apple seeds & cherry seeds contains cyanide.
- Fruits are ripened ovaries of plants including seeds within it.
- Vegetables are another most natural way of getting foods.
Plants
Animals
- They are used as a food directly or indirectly
- Direct- Meat, fish, chicken etc.
- Indirect- milk, honey, milk products ,eggs etc.
Classification of foods by chemicals
Classification of foods by chemicals
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
CARBOHYDRATE
- Major component of food which is the main source of energy; providing 4 Kcal/gm
- In balanced diet, carbohydrates provide 50-60% of total calories taken.
- In excess, the carbohydrates are converted into body fat.
Carbohydrates
- Energy production in the body; Useful in oxidation of fat, growth of useful bacteria, synthesis of vitamin B complex, absorption of minerals, prevention of constipation.
Functions
SOURCE
- Starch: cereals, roots and tubers.
- Sugars: white sugar, honey, glucose etc.
- Cellulose: indigestible contributes to dietary fibers.
Source
Daily requirements
- Children: 60-250 grams.
- Adolescents: 400 grams
- Men: 300 - 700 grams.
- Women: 240 - 540 grams.
Proteins
Proteins
- Protein is the building material for all body parts, such as muscle, brain, blood, skin, hair, nails, bones and body fluids.
- Protein constitutes 20% of adult body weight and made up of amino acids.
Acts as Building blocks of cells and tissues.
- Regulates hemoglobin.
- Regulates muscle contraction, formation of enzyme,
hormones and other secretions which help synthesis of
enzymes and produces digestive juices and antibodies.
- Act as a source of energy: 1 gm of protein gives 4
02/10/14kcal.
Functions
- Animal sources: Milk, eggs, meat, fish, cheese etc.
- Plant sources: Pulses, cereals, beans. nuts, soya bean etc.
Source
Fats
Fats
- Composed of smaller units called fatty acids.
- Saturated fatty acids: All animal fats except fish oil.
- Unsaturated fatty acids: All vegetable oils except coconut and palm oils.
- Saturated fatty acids are cholesterologenic, i.e. they increase blood cholesterol level.
- Fats provide energy: 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories of energy.
- Dietary fats supplies essential fatty acids needed for growth and maintenance of the integrity of the skin.
- They maintain our body temperature.
- Fats provide support for many organs in our body such as heart, kidneys, intestine etc.
Function
- Animal sources: ghee, butter, fat of meat, fish oils etc.
- Vegetable sources: groundnut oil, ginger oil, mustard oil, cotton seed and nut oil and coconut oil etc.
Source
Vitamin A - comes from orange colored fruits and vegetables; dark leafy greens, like kale
Vitamin D - can be found in fortified milk and dairy products; cereals; Sunlight
Vitamin E - is found in fortified cereals; leafy green vegetables; seeds; nuts
Vitamin K - can be found in dark green leafy vegetables; turnip/beet greens
Vitamins
Vitamin B1, or Thiamin - come from whole grains; enriched grains; liver; nuts; seeds
Vitamin B2, or Riboflavin - comes from whole grains; enriched grains; dairy products
Vitamin B3, or Niacin - comes from meat; fish; poultry; whole grains
Vitamin B5, or Pantothenic Acid - comes from meat; poultry; whole grains
Vitamin B6, or Pyridoxine - comes from fortified cereals; soy products
Vitamin B7, or Biotin - is found in fruits; meats
Vitamin B9, or Folic Acid (Folate) - comes from leafy vegetables
Vitamin B12 - comes from fish; poultry; meat; dairy products
Vitamin C - comes from citrus fruits and juices, such as oranges and grapefruits; red, yellow, and green peppers
- Inorganic chemical elements present throughout the body in varying amounts.
- Act as co-factors of enzymes for metabolism.
- Form part of the structure of body tissues, such as bones, teeth and nails, blood, nerves and muscles.
- Vital to physical and mental development. They also help protect the body against infections.
- Meat, fish, milk, cheese, green leafy vegetables and legumes provide most of the minerals needed by the body.
Minerals
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