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The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment which protects the cell from its environment. The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, including cholesterol that sit between phospholipids to maintain their fluidity at various temperatures.
The cytoplasm is responsible for holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also responsible for giving the cell its shape.
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The cell nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that contains a cell's hereditary information and controls its growth and reproduction. It is the command center of a eukaryote cell and is usually the most notable cell organelle in both size and function.
The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryote cells. It is best known as the site of ribosomes bio-genesis. Nucleoli also participate in the formation of signal recognition particles and play a role in the cell's response to stress.
The endoplasmic reticulum is, in essence, the transportation system of the eukaryote cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or smooth ER, is an organelle found in both animal cells and plant cells. ... The smooth ER also regulates and releases calcium ions and processes toxins.
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all living cells, that perform biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains.
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryote cells. Part of the endo membrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
A mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryote organisms. Mitochondria generate most of the cell's supply of adenine phosphate, used as a source of chemical energy. Mitochondria were first discovered by Like in the voluntary muscles of insects.
Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NAPHTHA while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells.
A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism