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Transcript

Kiera M.

HSC4MT

October 18, 2022

Hip Hop: A Cultural Timeline

Guiding Question:

How has Hip Hop Influenced Minority Groups?

Guiding Question

1970: Origin

Hip hop was established as a culture and art movement in The Bronx, New York in 1970. During the 1950s and 1960s, several white, middle-class populations began to relocate from urban areas to the suburbs, creating a prominent demographic shift. Urban areas started to consist predominantly of black and Latin American populations, and these groups faced several economic challenges as budgets were slashed and resources were diverted to the wealthier, whiter communities. Many marginalized teenagers viewed hip hop as a powerful medium to protest and spread awareness on the unfair treatment of minorities at the time. Hip Hop culture was comprised of four key elements: deejaying, rapping, graffiti painting, and “B-boying”.

1970

Early 1970s: DJ Kool Herc

Early 70s

Clive Campbell, better known by his stage name, DJ Kool Herc, is a Jamaican-American DJ that is widely considered to be the founding father of hip hop. Kool Herc was known for mixing percussive beats with popular dance songs and developing the sounds that became synonymous with hip hop, such as drum beats and record scratches. Kool Herc influenced other hip hop deejays to develop new turntable techniques, like needle dropping and scratching. Kool Herc also popularized rapping, which drew upon the traditions of West African griots, talking blues songs, and black power poetry. Kool Herc transcended the era of old school hip hop, which typically dates from the origination of the movement in the early 1970s up until the mid-1980s (Milliman, 2021).

Late 1970s-Early 1980s: Old-School Hip Hop

In 1979, hip hop began to gain national recognition. The Sugarhill Gang’s song, “Rapper’s Delight”, was released in 1979 and climbed up the national music charts. The song's release reeled in a new wave of musicians, artists, and performers, while also introducing large populations to this new type of music.

Rock group Blondie also played a strong role in the popularization of hip hop: their 1980 single "Rapture," which combined new wave, disco, hip-hop and rap, was the first ever rap video to broadcast on MTV, gaining the attention of a mass audience.

Late 70s-Early 80s

By the mid-1980s, hip hop entered its new school era. The popular artists of hip hop’s new school era include: Run-D.M.C, LL Cool J, Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy. Run-D.M.C introduced hip hop to a larger audience through MTV performances, and The Beastie Boys pushed deejaying further with their digital sampling. LL Cool J and Public Enemy pushed rap in new directions: LL Cool J by bringing romantic themes into hip hop and Public Enemy by using rap to push forward political ideology (Milliman, 2021).

Mid 80s

Beastie Boys

Run-DMC

Mid 1980s: New-School Hip Hop

Public Enemy

Late 1980s-Early 1990s: The Golden Age

Late 80s-Early 90s

As hip hop grew in popularity, it expanded across the United States; in the late 80s, N.W.A, one of hip hop’s most infamous groups, emerged from Compton, California. NWA’s album “Straight Outta Compton” became the most prominent hip hop album to emerge from somewhere besides New York City. California would later on become a Hip Hop staple. In the 90s, hip hop music became increasingly politically charged, often exploring topics like racial injustice and police brutality.

Mid 1990s-Late 1990s: Rivalry

Although hip hop had seen a great transcension at this point in time, hip hop's national expansion to the West Coast of the United States triggered a feud between artists and fans of the East Coast and West Coast hip hop scenes. The focal point of this feud was East Coast–based rapper The Notorious B.I.G. with Puff Daddy and their New York City–based label, Bad Boy Records, and West Coast–based rapper Tupac Shakur with Suge Knight and their Los Angeles-based label, Death Row Records. This divide evolved into a full-fledged rivalry between the two groups, which ended with the unsolved murders of Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. in the late 1990s.

After the rivalry, the late 1990s saw artists like the Wu-Tang Clan, the Fugees, and Diddy reach new levels of popularity. Hip hop had also became a worldwide phenomenon at this point, and by the turn of the century, hip hop was the best-selling music genre in the United States.

Mid 90s-Late 90s

Tupac Shakur

The Notorious B.I.G.

21st Century

Cardi B

Drake

21st Century

Throughout the 2000s, hip hop became much more pop-oriented and less political.

In the modern day, hip hop has arguably become one of the most popular music genres among the youth. Women have become far more popular in the male dominated music genre, and several types of subgenres and variations of rap now exist.

Lil Uzi Vert

Kendrick Lamar

Playboi Carti

Eminem

How has Hip Hop Influenced Minority Groups?

Conclusion

Although hip hop has evolved and changed throughout this timeline, one thing has always remained the same; it continuously resonates with minority groups, specifically black and latin american youth.

For decades, hip hop continuously challenged the status-quo and motivated the fight for racial equality. Hip hop explores and spreads awareness on political and social topics that minority groups can relate to.

In recent years, hip hop has become less politically charged. However, hip hop will always remain as an outlet for marginalized indiviualds to be heard and seen.

References

The History of Hip-hop in the 1970s. ATL Vibes. (2019, August 19). Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://atlvibes.com/2019/08/19/the-history-of-hip-hop-in-the-1970s/

History of Hip Hop Music. English Club. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/music-hip-hop.htm#:~:text=Hip%20Hop's%20Golden%20Age,hop's%20first%20top%2Dten%20album.

Milliman, H. (2021, February 13). The Complete History of Hip Hop. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://blog.prepscholar.com/hip-hop-history-timeline

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