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Cell Analogy Eukaryotic Cells Vs Prokaryotic cells

I'man Holmes

BIO 155 SEC B-01

Cell Structure and function

1

Cellular Organization

All organisms are composed of cells, the smallest units of living matter.

Cellular Organization

Cellular Organization

Cells are capable of self-reproduction , and existing cells come only from prexisting cells.

Cellular Organization

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

Cellular Organization

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells Comparison

2

#1

Fundamentally two types of cells exist.

Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells

#2

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are present in great numbers in the air, bodies of water , in soil and they also lives on other organisms.

#3

Eukarytotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are much larger than Prokarytotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and are enclosed by a plasma membrane. Organisms that have eukaryotic cells include protozoa, fungi, plants and animals. These organisms are grouped into the biological domain Eukaryota.

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cells

o Do NOT have nucleus

o They are also called bacteria or archaea

o World's smallest cells

o Circular DNA

o Do NOT have membrane-covered organelles

o DO have ribosomes that make proteins

o Have hard cell wall

o Have a softer cell membrane against the inside of the cell wall.

o Oldest fossils ever found are Prokaryotic cells, about 3.5 billion years old

Eukaryotic Cells

o Has a nucleus

o More complex than Prokaryotic cells

o About 10X larger than Prokaryotic cells

o High surface-to-volume ratio

o Eukaryotic cell appeared about 2 billion years ago

o All living things that are NOT bacteria are eukaryotic cells

o Have membrane covered organelles

o Contain more DNA than Prokaryotic—stored in nucleus

o Linear DNA

o ~ALL have cell membrane

~SOME have cell wall (Plant Cells)

o Many compartments allow different chemical processes to occur simultaneously.

Cell Analogy

My Job Detroit VAMC

Cell Analogy: Nucleus

The yellow part of the hospital is like the command center nucleus of the cell. Its where most of all the energy areas and where the engineering is located at the lower level of the building. its also the shortest of the three towers.

Cell Analogy: Nucleus

Cell Analogy: Nuclear envelope

The outside looks like a nuclear envelope a double membrane of a nucleus that encloses the yellow side of the building

Nuclear envelope

Cell Analogy: Cytoplasm

Semifluid matrix outside nucleus that contains organelles.

Cell Analogy: Cytoplasm

Chromatin

Diffuse threads containing DNA and protein

Chromatin

NUCLEOLUS

Region that produces subunits of ribosomes

NUCLEOLUS

Cell Analogy: Cell Wall

The outside wall of the hospital where Iwork has a brick wall that works like a cell wall it is the outer surface that shapes, supports, and protect the cell.

Cell Analogy: Cell Wall

Cell wall

Plasma Membrane

It's like the front doors at my job it is the outer surface that regulates

entrance and exit of molecules.

Plasma Membrane

Actin Filaments

Protein fibers that playa role in the change of shape.

Actin Filaments

Cell Analogy: Ribosomes

Ribosomes are the particles where protein synthesis occurs. Its like the energy center at my job where a lot of workers that carries out the work that keeps the hospital going.

Cell Analogy: Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth ER

Rough ER

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes to synthesize proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth ER

Smooth ER

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesize lipid molecules

Polyribosome

String of ribosomes simultaneously synthesizing same the protein.

Polyribosome

Cell Analogy: Golgi Apparatus

A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport

Lysosomes

They are membrane bounded vessels produced by the golgi apparatus. They digest macromolecules and even cell parts. Sound like the visitors eating at the cafeteria at my job.

Centrioles

Short cylinders of microtubules of unknown function.

Centrioles

Centrosome

Microtubule organizing center that contains centrioles

Cell Analogy: Mitochondria

The two parking structures at my job acts like the mitochondria. An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).

Cell Analogy: Mitochondria

Mitochondria

Cell Analogy: Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton matains the shape of the cell and assists move of the cell parts.

Cell Analogy: Cytoskeleton

Cytoskeleton

Vesicle

Small membrane bounded sac that stores and transports substances. Acts sort of like the Medical Supply Department at my job or MSD.

Vesicle

Peroxisome

Vesicle that is involved in fatty acid metabolism

Peroxisome

The End

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