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Peasants were the poorest people in the medieval era and lived primarily in the country or small villages. Serfs were the poorest of the peasant class, and were a type of slave. Lords owned the serfs who lived on their lands. In exchange for a
place to live, serfs worked the land to grow crops for themselves and their lord. In addition, serfs were expected to work the farms for the lord and pay rent.
Merchants would often travel and traffic with foreign countries; a trafficker; a trader. A Medieval merchant would source his supplies and sell them to various customers via shops, markets or Medieval fairs. Merchants began to trade in exotic goods imported from distant shores including spices, wine, food, furs, fine cloth (notably silk), glass, jewelery and many other luxury goods.
Most of the people living on the manor were peasant farmers or serfs who grew crops for themselves, and either labored for the lord and church or paid rent for their land. Farmers were critically important to medieval life. Most villages had at least a few large arable fields to grow crops as well as meadows and common land.
Craftsmen served their most local village populations and were far less specialized than later. Smiths who worked iron tended to handle smelting and refining, and then made all of the basic iron implements like edges for plowshares or heads for spears.
Knights were medieval gentleman-soldiers, usually high-born, raised by a sovereign to privileged military status after training as a page and squire. Originally knights were attendants or specialized foot-soldiers, but the status of knights was elevated around 800 A.D.
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch. The obligations often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief.
Nobles were fierce and proud people. They had high-sounding titles, such as Duke, Count, or Baron, which their ancestors had received from the king in return for services they had
done on the battlefield or in council.
A lord was a man who held land directly from the king. Although medieval lords constituted around one percent of the population, they occupied a position of status and power within medieval society as a result of their economic relationship with the king.
In theory a king was Gods representative on Earth. In practice, the power of the King was limited by feudal nobles and influential churchmen. A new king had to swear an oath to fulfill the responsibilities of a monarch.
Religion was of supreme importance and Church was the most important institution. Due to this reason, the pope enjoyed more power then even rulers. He appointed the cardinals who were consulted by the kings about the affairs of the sate.