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Ireland - Purnell Model
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Purnell Model - Ireland
Overview
- Agriculture used to be the biggest sector in Ireland, now industry
- 80% of exports
- Politics: Parliament
- member of the European Union
- they elect a president, but s/he does not have the most power
- instead they have a Taoiseach (prime minister) who is the leader of the government
- Education: no middle school
- primary school = preschool - 6th grade
- secondary school = 7th grade - 12th grade
- higher education = anything past 12th grade
Communication
- dominant language
- dialects
- names
Family Roles
- head of household
- gender roles
- extended family
Communication & Family Roles
- Irish is official language
- English is dominant language, however
- Munster
- spoken in Counties Cork, Kerry, and Clare
- Connacht
- spoken in Counties Galway, Mayo, and Sligo
- Ulster
- spoken in the north (mostly County Donegal)
- most surnames came from the family's occupation
- surnames haven't changes much
- many first names come from Gaelic words
- ex. Gaelic word for "freedom/liberty" is saoirse, a fairly common Irish name
- A lot like America
- Households aren't your typical man + woman + kids
- Some households have unmarried couples, others have single parents, etc.
- Irish men more likely to:
- commit murder
- drop out of school
- be unemployed
- Irish women:
- earn less
- stay at home parent more
- very important
- extended family used to live near one another - less common now because of opprotunities in cities
Bio-cultural ecology
- lighter skin color
High Risk Behaviors
- tobacco
- alcohol
- illicit substances
Bio-cultural Ecology & High Risk Behaviors
- lighter skin color comes from one man's DNA a long time ago
- the farther north a country is, the lighter the skin color
- Irish people are at an increased risk of skin cancer because of their fair skin
- 23% of Irish people smoke tobacco
- 28% have smoked tobacco in the past
- 49% have never smoked tobacco before
- When you think about the Irish, you think about alcohol
- 76% of Irish people drink alcohol
- 53% drink on a weekly basis
- more likely to have health problems
- 82.72% of Irish people have tried an illicit substance
- most common is cannabis
- followed by ecstasy and amphetamines
- least common are ketamine and hallucinogens
Nutrition & Pregnancy
Nutrition
- common foods
Pregnancy
- Irish women tend to be more fertile than other women
- many pregnancy beliefs
- Irish soda bread
- baking soda is used instead of yeast to leaven the bread
- Irish stew
- lamb, potatoes, cabbage
- Boxty
- also known as "potato pancakes" - shredded potato made into a pancake shape
- If a knot is tied in a handkerchief while a couple is exchanging vows, they will have trouble conceiving
- Pregnant women shouldn't go into a cemetery because it will bring them death
- A child born at night can see ghosts and fairies
- only after midnight and not if they were born on a Sunday
- A child born on May Day (May 1) is lucky
Death and Spirituality
Death
- wakes
- the Irish open a window after death to let the spirit leave
- very similar funeral customs as in the USA
Spiritulity
- Catholic
- over 80% of Irish people are Catholic
- Wakes came about because the Irish weren't sure the person was actually dead
- The Irish would drink out of a pewter mug, which poisoned them
- This would cause them to go into a catatonic state - which looked like they were dead
- If they weren't actually dead, they would wake up a few hours later
- A wake happened so that people who were catatonic wouldn't be buried alive
Healthcare practices
- government-run healthcare
Healthcare practitioners
- very similar to USA
Healthcare Practices
- Funded by taxes
- maternity and child healthcare up to 6 years of age covered completely
- Emergency room visit is free if you have a physician referral
- common to meet GP before agreeing to choose them
- relatively the same price as in USA
- biggest complaint is long waiting times
References:
Balston, C. (n.d.). Top 10 foods to try in Ireland. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://
www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/top-10-foods-try-irelandBirth.
(n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2020, from http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/folklore-of-ireland/
folklore-in-ireland/the-life-cycle/birth/Hertz, K. (2020, March 23).
100 Irish first names and their beautiful meanings. Retrieved from https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/100-irish-language-
first-names-meanings
Households and Family Structures in Ireland. (2011, December 12). Retrieved from https://www.esri.ie/news/households-
and-family-structures-in-ireland
How much do we drink? (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://alcoholireland.ie/facts/how-much-do-we-drink/
Lonergan, A. (2018, April 20).
Revealed: Why the Irish are the most fair-skinned people in the world. Retrieved from https://www.irishpost.com/life-style/
revealed-irish-fair-skinned-people-world-153584Longáin, S. Ó. (2019, December 13).
Traditional Irish Funerals - Irish Burial Traditions. Retrieved from https://www.yourirish.com/traditions/irish-burial-
traditionsMcCarthy, & Muireann. (1970, January 1).
Recreational drug use being normalised amongst the young people of Ireland. Retrieved from https://
www.drugsandalcohol.ie/28717/Nickel, A. (2018, January 9).
Irish Dialects. Retrieved from https://www.bitesize.irish/blog/irish-dialects/Pariona, A. (2016, November 3).
What Languages Are Spoken In Ireland? Retrieved from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-
in-ireland.htmlPier. (n.d.).
Irish Culture - Family. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/irish-culture/irish-culture-
familyRyan, N. (2014, July 29).
These are the main differences between men and women in Irish society. Retrieved from https://www.thejournal.ie/gender-
cso-report-ireland-1594492-Jul2014/Sheridon, A., O'Farrell, A., Evans, D., & Kavanagh, P. (2018).
Adult Smoking in Ireland: A Special Analysis of the Healthy Ireland Survey and The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
(TILDA). Retrieved from https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/tobaccocontrol/tobaccofreeireland/adult-smoking-in-ireland.pdfTransferWise. (1970, January 1).
Healthcare in Ireland: A guide to the Irish healthcare system. Retrieved from https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/healthcare-
system-in-irelandTrowbridge, K. (n.d.).
A Basic Guide to the Irish School System. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://greenhearttravel.org/blog/high-school-
ireland/an-extremely-basic-guide-to-the-irish-school-system