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Organic Compounds
by Chloe Scarazzo
Alkanes consist of single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and have the general formula below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Examples of alkanes are methane, propane, ethane, and butane.
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond. They have the general formula below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Ethylene and propylene are examples of alkenes. Ethylene is shown below.
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon triple bond. They have the general formula below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Examples of alkynes include ethyne and propyne. Ethyne is shown below.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons are cyclic and planar compounds. The general formula for this type of organic compound is below. "r" refers to the number of rings the molecule contains.
Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include methylbenzene and phenanthrene. The structure of phenanthrene is shown below.
Alcohols are organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atoms of an alkyl group. The general formula is shown below. "n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Examples of alcohols include methanol and ethanol. Methanol is shown below.
Ethers have an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers have a general formula of R - O - R', where R and R' are two different alkyl or aryl groups.
Examples of ethers include ethoxyethane (also refered to as diethyl ether) and methoxyethane. Ethoxyethane is shown below.
Aldehydes and Ketones are organic compounds which have a carbonyl functional group. The general formula for aldehyes and ketones is below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
Examples of aldehydes and ketones include acetone and ethanal. Acetone is shown below.
Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing a carboxyl group. The general formula of carboxylic acid is R - OOH. R refers to a group.
Examples of carboxylic acids include acetic acid and formic acid. Acetic acid is shown below.
Esters are organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and acids. Esters have the general formula R-COO-R', where R' and R are hydrocarbon groups.
Some examples of esters include ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, and propyl ethanoate. Ethyl acetate is shown below.
Amines are derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups. Their general formula is shown below. R is a hydrocarbon group and x is an integer between 0 and 3.
Some examples of amines are aliline and athanolamine. athanolamine is shown below.