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Organic Compounds

by Chloe Scarazzo

Alkanes

Alkanes consist of single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and have the general formula below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Alkanes

Examples of Alkanes

Examples of alkanes are methane, propane, ethane, and butane.

Examples of Alkanes

Alkenes

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double bond. They have the general formula below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Alkenes

Examples of Alkenes

Ethylene and propylene are examples of alkenes. Ethylene is shown below.

Examples of Alkenes

Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one carbon triple bond. They have the general formula below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Alkynes

Examples of Alkynes

Examples of alkynes include ethyne and propyne. Ethyne is shown below.

Examples of Alkynes

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Aromatic Hydrocarbons are cyclic and planar compounds. The general formula for this type of organic compound is below. "r" refers to the number of rings the molecule contains.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Examples of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Examples of aromatic hydrocarbons include methylbenzene and phenanthrene. The structure of phenanthrene is shown below.

Examples of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Alcohols

Alcohols are organic compounds with one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atoms of an alkyl group. The general formula is shown below. "n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Alcohols

Examples of Alcohols

Examples of alcohols include methanol and ethanol. Methanol is shown below.

Examples of Alcohols

Ethers

Ethers have an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers have a general formula of R - O - R', where R and R' are two different alkyl or aryl groups.

Ethers

Examples of Ethers

Examples of ethers include ethoxyethane (also refered to as diethyl ether) and methoxyethane. Ethoxyethane is shown below.

Examples of Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Aldehydes and Ketones are organic compounds which have a carbonyl functional group. The general formula for aldehyes and ketones is below. "n" refers to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.

Aldehydes and Ketones

Examples of Aldehydes and Ketones

Examples of aldehydes and ketones include acetone and ethanal. Acetone is shown below.

Examples of Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing a carboxyl group. The general formula of carboxylic acid is R - OOH. R refers to a group.

Carboxylic Acids

Examples of Carboxylic Acids

Examples of carboxylic acids include acetic acid and formic acid. Acetic acid is shown below.

Examples of Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Esters are organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and acids. Esters have the general formula R-COO-R', where R' and R are hydrocarbon groups.

Esters

Examples of Esters

Some examples of esters include ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, and propyl ethanoate. Ethyl acetate is shown below.

Examples of Esters

Amines

Amines are derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups. Their general formula is shown below. R is a hydrocarbon group and x is an integer between 0 and 3.

Amines

Examples of Amines

Some examples of amines are aliline and athanolamine. athanolamine is shown below.

Examples of Amines

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