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D&D: Non-Communicable
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D&D: Non-Communicable
Wellness 11
Donegal High School
Non-communicable Disease
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Defining
Noncommunicable Disease
CDC Definition
World Wide Facts
https://globalhealth.ku.dk/news/news_2009-2011/14_facts_on_ncds/
WHO - Infograph
https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-infographic-2014.pdf?ua=1
- Chronic conditions that DO NOT result from an (acute) infectious process and hence are "not communicable.
- A disease that has a PROLONGED COURSE, that does not RESOLVE spontaneously, and for which a cure is rarely achieved.
Development
Development
Causes
Risk Factors
- Heredity - Genetics
- Environmental - Exposure
- Systemic Issue - Breakdown
- Previos Injury
- Other Illnesses
- Aging Process
- Unknown?
- Poor Diet
- Not Exercising
- No Stress Management
- Substance Use / Abuse
- Occupation / Career
- Age
- Gender
Characteristics
Complex Etiology (Cause)
Characteristics
Multiple Risk Factors
Common Characteristics of Noncommunicable Diseases
Long Latency Period
Non-contagious Origin
Many are PREVENTABLE
Prolonged Course of Illness
Functional Impairment or Disability
Common Types
"According to a report by the World Health Organization, NCDs are currently responsible for 63 percent of deaths worldwide and a whopping 87 percent of deaths in the United States (that's more than 4 out of 5!), making NCDs the leading cause of death in America."
The LETHAL QUARTET: cancer, diabetes, lung disease, and heart disease.
http://familiesusa.org/blog/the-burden-of-non-communicable-diseases-in-communities-of-color
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardio-Vascular Disease
- Leading cause of death in US.
- 1 out of 4 deaths.
- 630,000 death each year.
- Every 40 seconds a heart attach occurs.
- Costs the US about $200 Billion yearly.
Hypertension
Hypertension
aka: High Blood Pressure
Pressure the blood puts against arterial walls.
Systolic
Diastolic
Systolic - Heart Beats
Diastolic - Between Beats
What is Considered High?
140
90
Either number at the level means High Blood Pressure. Doesn't have to be both values.
Normal
120
80
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Plaque build up in the arteries.
Causes: HBP, High cholesterol, fatty substances
Secondary Condition
Arteriosclerosis – Hardened arties with reduced elasticity.
Diseases of the Heart
Disease of the Heart
Agina Pectoris
Angina Pectoris
Chest Pain
Caused by lack of oxygen to the heart.
Pain lasts for few seconds
Main cause – atherosclerosis
Arrythmia
Arrythmia
Irregular heartbeats
- Skip
- Fast
- Slow
Ventricular Fibrillation
- Rapid & irregular
- Common cause of cardiac arrest.
- AED
Heart Attack
Heart Attack
Occurs when there is a reduced or blocked blood supply damages the heart muscle.
25% produce no symptoms or unusual symptoms
Signs / Symptoms
- Chest Pain
- Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching in chest
- Pain into arms, neck, jaw, abdomen or back
- Shortness of breath, lightheaded,
- Sweating
- Nausea or Vomiting
Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive Heart Failure
Gradual weakening of the heart until regular pumping rate and flow can’t be maintained.
Treatments
- Medication
- Healthy Behaviors
- Heart Transplant
Stroke
Stroke
Blood flow to the brain is interrupted.
- Blocked blood vessel.
- Bursts – Cerebral Hemorrhage
Warning Signs
- Headache, confusion, dizziness
- Numbness on one side of the body
- Lose of muscle tone, strength on one side.
- Trouble walking
- Trouble seeing – one or both eyes.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors & Causes
Cannot Control
Heredity - Genetics
Gender
Age
Can Control
Diet
Exercise
Stress
Weight
Tobacco Use
Substance Abuse
Diagnostic Tools
Diagnostic Tools
CT Scan
EKG
MRI
Angiography
Can Control
Diet
Exercise
Stress
Weight
Tobacco Use
Substance Abuse
Treatment Options
Stent
Treatment Options
Coronary Bypass Surgery
Angioplasty
Pacemaker
Value Replacement
Heart Transplant
Advocacy
Make a post listing your TOP 3 changes that you think should occur in the school to address the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Letter to School Board
Cancer
Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
.
Mass of abnormal tissue - no natural role
.
Noncancerous
.
Cancerous
.
Spread of cancer in the body.
Cancer
Tumor
Benign
Malignant
Metastasis
Types
Types
Cancer in the immune system - Lymph Nodes
Cancer in the blood-forming tissues &/or organs
Cancer of the connective tissue (bone, muscle, ligament)
Cancer of the glands and body linings (skin, digestive tract, lungs)
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Sarcoma
Carcinoma
Causes & Risk Factors
Causes & Risk Factors
Carcinogen
Dietary
- High Fat
- Low Fiber
- Preservatives?
Disease
- HPV
- HIV
A cancer causing agent.
LIFESTYLE
Sedentary
- Little to no physical activity
- Increase weight problems
Exposure
- Sun
- Work
- aka-environment
Behavior
- Tobacco Use
- Substance Abuse
Detection
Detection - "The EARLIER the BETTER"
Self Examination
- Skin Check
- Breast Exam
- Testicle Exam
Medical Exams / Screenings
- Biopsy - Removal of tissue for examination.
Warming Signs
C - Chang in bowel/bladder habits & function
A - A sore that doesn't heal.
U - Unusual bleeding or discharge
T - Thickening or lump
I - Indigestion or trouble swallowing
O - Obvious change in wart or mole
N - Nagging cough or hoarseness.
Treatment
Treatment Options
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Immuno-therapy
Hormone Therapy
Reducing Risks
Reducing the Risk
Know the Warning Signs
Nutritious Diet
Physical Activity
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Use Sun Protection
No Tobacco or Substance Abuse
Dibetes
Diabetes
Disease that affects the body's ability to convert SUGAR to ENERGY
Type 2
"Adult On-set"
LIFESTYLE DISEASE
Results from years of poor lifestyle - diet, exercise.
Pancreas loses ability to regulate insulin production and release properly.
Normally appears in adulthood.
Type 1
"Early On-set"
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
Body attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas.
Results in body's inability to produce and release insulin.
Normally appears in adolescents.
Signs & Symptoms
Same for Both Types
Health Risks
Frequent Urination.
Change in Vision
Sores that don't Heal.
Weight Loss.
Kidney Failure
Blindness
Heart Disease & Stroke
Limb Amputation
Treatment
Type 1
"Early On-set"
Diet
Insulin via shots, pump
Type 2
"Adult On-set"
Diet
Exercise
Medication
Insulin - occasionally
Arthritis
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints causing pain, stiffness, and deformity.
Types
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Autoimmune Disease
- Destruction of the joint (any joint)
- Deformity of the joint
- Rare - Juvenile On-Set
Osteoarthritis
- Cartilage breaks down.
- Occurs in "Big" Joints (Knees, Hips, etc...)
- Cause: Overuse, Repetitive movements
Management
Weight Control
Medication
PT
Exercise
Allergies
Allergies
Reaction of the Immune System to a foreign and normally harmless substance.
Dust
Mold
Causes
During the Immune response, HISTAMINES are produced.
HISTAMINES = Symptoms
aka: Allergens
Peanuts
Pollen
Pet Dander
Symptoms
Anaphalaxis Shock
Severe allergic reaction leading to swelling, trouble breathing, and possibly death.
Common
- Watery Eyes
- Itchy - eyes, nose, skin
- Runny Nose
- Sneezing
- Hives
- Swelling
Treatment
Diagnosis
Avoidance
Medication
Epinephrine
Skin Test
Blood Test
Track Exposure, Behavior
Asthma
Inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs causing difficulty breathing
Asthma
Triggers
Pet Dander
Pollen
Dust
Mold
Smoke
Air Temp
Exercise
Managing
Control Environment - Limit triggers
Manage stress
Medication
Strengthen Lungs
Diseases of the LUNGS
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Chronic inflammation of the lungs
- Group of diseases - 2 main
- Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- S/S: Cough, Wheezing, Mucus
Chronic Respiratory
Cystic Fibrosis
- Genetic
- Increased mucus production
- Persistent lung infections
Emphysema
- Air sacs lose - elasticity
- FORCED exhale
- Main cause - Smoking
Disorders impacting the function of the NERVOUS system
Neurological Disorders
Seizures
Abnormal brain activity
- Uncontrolled movements
- Sensations
- "blackouts"
Seizure Disorders
Epilepsy
Types
- Focal
- Generalized
- Absence
Paralysis
Neurological damage leading to a loss of function in part of the body.
Paralysis
Causes
Injury
Illness
Accident
Bell's Palsy
Sudden weakening, paralysis of facial muscles
Face - "DROOP"
Cause - Viral Infection
Migraines
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
Treatment
Treatement
Medication
Lifestyle Changes
Therapy
Assistive Devices
Surgery
Prevention
Prevention
- Lifestyle Changes (Diet, Exercise, Weight Control)
- Stress Management
- Regular Check-ups
- Understand & Know Signs
- Limit Exposure
Group of disabilities that impacts the ability to function in daily life.
Physical & Mental Disabilities or Disorders
Disability
Any physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities
- Seeing
- Hearing
- Walking
- Talking
Disability
Physical Disabilities
Physical Disabilities
Sight Impairment
A
Causes
- Macular Degeneration
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Injury or Trauma
- Complications from Illness (ex: Diabetes
Treatment
- Surgery
- Eye Glasses
Hearing Impairment
Physical Disabilities
A
PROFOUND DEAFNESS: severe loss - no benefit from devices
Causes
- Injury or Trauma
- Nerve Damage
- Disease or Previous Illness
- Obstruction
- Heredity
Treatment
- Surgery - Cochlear Implants
- Hearing Aids
Motor Impairment
Physical Disabilities
Body's range of motion and coordination impacted
A
Limits ability to complete ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIFE
Causes
- Accidents or Trauma
- Injuries
- Disease or Previous Illness
- Diabetes
- Osteoporosis
Treatment
- Physical Therapy
- Occupation Therapy
- Assistive Devises
Mental Challenges
Mental Challenges
Causes
Disabilities that impact function of the brain &/or cognitive processes.
Genetics
Behaviors during pregnancy
Rubella Infection
Restricted Oxygen Supply
Trauma
Environmental
Types
- Learning
- Social
- Mental Retardation (IQ below 75)
Treatment
- Therapies
- Supports
- No "canned" plan
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
Law prohibiting discrimination against individual with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.
Americans with Disabilities Act
3 Guiding Principles
- Accessibility
- Equal Opportunity
- Merit - Not Disability
Covers
- State & Local Agencies
- Business & Employers
- Phone Companies