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Anglo-Saxon Era
275
Anglo Saxon Period
449AD-1066
The Celts & Romans
Before it began...
The Celts in England
Celts
- Britain home to several Celtic tribes
- Britain named for one Celtic tribe—
- The Brythons
- King Arthur
- famous Celtic King (516?)
- Celtic religion a form of animism (belief that Gods/spirits controlled all aspects of life and could take the form of trees, rivers, fire, thunder, etc)
Roman Occupation
Romans
- 55BC Julius Caesar invades Britain
- 43AD Celts defeated by Claudius
- Romans build walls, villas, baths, roads, etc.
- 409AD Romans evacuate their troops, leaving Britain vulnerable to attack.
The start of England
Where it all began...
The Anglo-Saxon period denotes the period of British history after their initial settlement, until the Norman conquest, between about 450-1066.
Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Who
The Anglo-Saxons inhabited Great Britain around the 5th century.
They included people from Germanic tribes who migrated to the southern half of the island from continental Europe.
Overview
The Anglo-Saxon period includes the creation of an English nation, with many of the aspects that survive today including regional government of shires and hundreds; the re-establishment of Christianity; a flowering in literature and language; and the establishment of charters and law. The term Anglo-Saxon is also used for the language, more correctly called Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons in England and eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
Lifestyle "Pre-England"
What
The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes brought much of their Nordic and Germanic background and heritage with them, and began to meld with the various Celtic groups still present.
Society
Warriors
- Warrior-based society, led by strong warrior chief
- Warfare was the order of the day
- Life was dominated by the need to protect the clan and home from enemies
- Fame and success were acheived through loyalty to a leader, and measured by gifts received from a leader.
Women
- Women had many rights in Anglo-Saxon society. Women inherited and held property (even when married) and were offered substantial gifts of money and land from prospective husbands.
Religion
Religious Beliefs
- Remnants of Nordic belief system.
- Offered no hope of an afterlife, only fame offered immortality and provided a defense against death.
- Valued concept of the "Heroic Ideal"
Spread of Christianity
- Around 400AD Christian monks begin to settle in Britain.
- Christianity and Anglo-Saxon "religion" coexist
- By 699AD, British pagan religions entirely replaced by Chrisitanity.
Stories
Story Tellers
- Celtic story tellers were known as Bards or "scopes".
- They were skilled storytellers and honored members of society.
- Sang of heroic deeds, and regarded as equals to warriors.
King Alfred the Great
The Unifier of England
Where
King Alfred defeats the Danes
- 8th-9th Centuries
- Vikings, also known as Danes, continuously invade Britain
- Circa 871, Alfred of Wessex becomes King of England
- 878 King Alfred unifies the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes, establishing the nation of England.