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CQ resistant drug
4
Transcript
Malaria
Introduction
- Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite.
- There are approximately 156 named species of Plasmodium which infect various species of vertebrates.
- Four species are considered true parasites of humans, as they utilize humans almost exclusively as a natural intermediate host.
- chloroquinien is used for treatment of malaria , but it is resistant for P.falciparum species because of fix mutation in pfcrt and pfmdr1 gene.
Symptoms of malaria
P. falciparum
Signs and symptoms of malaria may include:
- Fever
- Chills
- General feeling of discomfort
- Headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Muscle or joint pain
- Fatigue
- Rapid breathing
- Rapid heart rate
- Cough
- death
life cycle of malarial parasite
P. vivax
P. ovale
pakistan,south, north wazirstan
After Nested p.falceparium are seprated
Sequecing to determine resistant gene
collect multiple sample from symptamtic patient
P. malariae
add the sample in a EDTA tube immediatly
Nested pcr
some blood store for molecular purpose
pyrogram , find the CQ resistantgene, pfcrt and pfmdr1
make a thick and thin slide
+ive sample(extract DNA for amplipication)
examine throughmicroscope
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