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Ingraham v. Wright
2
Ingraham vs Wright
1977
If a student broke a rule or turn up late to class, they would be spanked with a paddle.
Background Info
I
Background info
What happened?
The Charles R. Drew Junior High School, is a school in Miami, Florida. This school has a harsh punishment system in spanking. If a student broke a rule or turn up late to class, they would be spanked with a paddle. James Ingraham was accused of being late to class and was paddled 20 times causing moderate injuries.
Why did people go against this?
Why did people feel their constitutional rights violated?
Two students named James Ingraham and Roosevelt Andrews petitioned against the paddling. They thought this was cruel and excessive punishment for the students. One time, when Ingraham responded to a question too slowly, the principal of the school paddled him more that 20 times.
What amendments were involved?
What amendments are involved?
Ingraham claimed that the school violated his right to the 8th amendment, and that the school gave him and other students cruel and usual punishments. He also held that the 14th amendments due process clause required the school to get permission before they paddle a student.
Central questions and facts
History and summary of case
Here's a place for the second part of your presentation. And to the right, there are subsections for more specific detail.
James Ingraham (and another student) sued the school for violating their 8th amendment rights. They appealed to their district court but lost; the court held that the paddlings weren't violating their 8th amendment rights. On appeal the fifth circuit affirmed the dismissal. The United States Supreme Court granted cert.
Central questions
Central questions and answers.
Does Dade County School System’s corporal punishment policy violate due process?
Justice Powell held that the Fourteenth Amendment’s requirement of procedural due process was satisfied by Florida law.
Does the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment forbid corporal punishment inflicted by teachers and administrators upon Ingraham and Andrews at Charles R. Drew Junior High School?
The Court held that the Eighth Amendment does not prevent corporal punishment in public schools. Rather, common law suggested that teachers could legally impose reasonable, non-excessive force on their students. He also noted that the Court previously limited the application of the Eighth Amendment’s “cruel and unusual” language to criminal punishment.
Quotes
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Famous Quotes
"The prisoner and the schoolchild,” the Court observed, “stand in wholly different circumstances, separated by the harsh facts of criminal conviction and incarceration."
“authorized and limited by common law,” schools did not need to issue prior notices and conduct hearings to avoid violating their students’ right to procedural due process. “Even if the need for advance procedural safeguards were clear,” the Court added, the “incremental benefit” thus obtained would not justify the cost.
Outcome
Outcome
Here's a place for the fourth part of your presentation. And to the right, there are subsections for more specific detail.
This case was decided on April 19, 1977. James Ingraham lost the case 5-4. The court decided this way because they held that the 8th amendment only applied to criminals. Students were in the protection of the school and therefore not criminals. This meant that the 8th amendment was not in place for them and the school was not in the wrong. This case tells us that corporal punishment isn't unconstitutional and schools can use it when they see fit.