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6.04 Honors Anatomy and Physiology
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6.04 Honors
By Emily Hines
The Trimesters of Pregnancy
Important Terms
- blastocyst, a structure formed in the early development of mammals
- gastrulation, the cells divide into three cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
- neurulation, part of the ectoderm thicken and folds to form a neural tube
Months 1 & 2
Month 1
In this time period the blastocyst has already been implanted into the uterus and begins to receive the nutrients are important for health. Some of the cells start their process by forming specific tissues. Then gastrulation forms the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The ectoderm forms the skin and nervous system. The mesoderm forms the muscles, bones, blood cells, and reproductive organs. Finally, the endoderm forms the lining of the organs of the digestive, respiratory, and excretory systems.
Month 2
The first step for the nervous system is neurulation. This is also when the placenta is formed, which connects the baby to its mother to transport oxygen and nutrients as well as dispose its wastes.
Important Terms
- fetus - embryo at eight weeks
Months 3 & 4
Month 3
At this stage in the process, most of the major organs are fully formed; however, they are not yet ready for life on their own. This is also the point in which it can show reflexes and move around.
Month 4
Months four through six generally have the same developments. The lungs are still developing but the rhythmic movements of them begin to start. All of the lungs are preparing for life on its own but still need some time.
Important Terms
- ovarian follicles, a fluid-filled structure in the mammalian ovary within which an ovum develops before ovulation
Months 5 & 6
At this stage the fetus's tissues become more specific to their function and start figuring out how to function. This is also the time when the eyelids begin to open. The liver and pancreas can function. The ovarian follicles develop for the females and the prostate gland develops for the males.
Month 5/6
Important Terms
- premature, babies born earlier than eight months
Months 7 & 8
This is the stage when the body is finishing up its development ans begin to prepare for birth. During this time the body begins to store nutrients such as calcium. The eyelashes and eyebrows start growing now to. If the baby is born prematurely it runs the risk of having not having fully developed lungs.