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Genocide in world history
"mass destruction of ethnic minorities or indigenous people"
definition
- caused by colonization (America, Africa, Asia)
-> foreign -> Great Britain, Spain, France, Germany, Netherlands, China...
- domestic
-> Holocaust, Rohingya conflict, Rwandan/Tutsi genocide
- cultural genocide -> suppression of cultures
-> Tibetans by China, Native Americans
Genocide of Native Americans
- began 1492 -> arrival of Columbus
- Spain established colonies in Middle and South America
-> destruction of Mayan and Aztec Empire
- later colonization through Portugal, Britain, France, Netherlands, Russia
- massacres, expulsion and diseases
- inprisonment in reservations, enslavement and destruction of livelihoods -> killing of buffalos, clearance of wood etc.
- cultural suppression -> ban of native language and culture, religion, habits, segregation, bad education, dependance on government
America
- north american native population 1492: ca. 7 million
- after european contact: reduction of 90%
- after civil war 1868: about 150.000
- nowadays:
562 tribes (USA)
615 tribes (Canada)
- 304 reservations
numbers
massacres
- "The Trail of Tears"
-> forced relocation from 1830 to 1850 caused about 15.000 deaths
- "Clear Lake Massacre"
-> 1850: killing of 400 Pomo warriors, renaming to "Bloody Island"
- "Wounded Knee"
-> last resistance in 1890: killing of 300 defenceless Sioux
- innumerable genocides in world history
- from 146 BC. (Punic Genocide) to today
- hatred, intolerance, superciliousness, racism
Cambodian Genocide 3 million deaths
(citizens under the Red Khmer)(1975-79)
Holodomor 7.5 million deaths
(Ukrains under Stalin)(1932-33)
Holocaust 17 million deaths
(Jews under Hitler)(1939-45)
numbers
- extinction of cultures
-> Inkas, Mayans, Aztecs
- racism, racial profiling
-> Apartheid, Segregation
- cultural expulsion
-> Native Americans, Jews
- suppression
-> Tibet