Stage 2

Introduction to logic

A

In this stage we have learned about Logic and Knowledge. And, to understand logic we have explain the thought structure, it is compose by the concept (mental representation of an object, the simplest element of thought), judgement ( enunciates the relation between two or more concepts) and reasoning (implies a coherence relation between two judgements or proposition to obtain a new judgement as a conclusion) and there are two different types of reasoning: inductive (particular to general) and deductive (general to particular).

Logic studies all these things, it is the study of correct and incorrect, validity and invalidity reasoning.

H

How do we form them?

O

Our

mind

B

Based on

P

Process

E

Example

E

Example

C

Construction

P

Proposition 1

Premise 2

Some dogs are white.

P

Proposition 2

Conclusion

P

Some animals are white.

Proposition 3

What’s next?

E

Propositional Logic

It deals with analyzing the formally valid reasoning based on their propositions.

P

Proposed a logic of propositions.

Gottlob Frege

Quantificational Logic

Q

It focuses on the relationships of quantity within propositions, distinguishing between individuals and their predicates.

The logic of classes

It is focused to indicate the belonging or not of an element within a set according to the properties that share.

C

Arturo´s Conclusion

A

The rules of logic for true and valid arguments are very important to support our argument in a certain way, they are important to defend the idea or position to defend with valid arguments, logic and reasoning.

On the other hand, the role of logic in the development of other fields such as science and technology is very important for the logical support and the possible hypothesis that can be found in the subject of research.

Adrian´s Conclusion

B

I think that this is very important because we use it daily in our lives when you are discussing with another person about a theme and you want to express an argument, it is fundamental that the argument you said is good structured and have relation between the premises and to know too if the argument that the other person said is valid, this can be very helpful in the science and in the technology because you can make an hypothesis to conclude what will happen with the situations that passed before.

Andrea´s Conclusion

C

I learned that the principles of logic are very important because their purpose is to make the sentences have sense and that what we want to say in the arguments should have a good structure and respect the principles such as identity, excluded third,sufficient reason and no contradiction. For getting a clear idea.

The logic has formed part of the development of sciences because the elements of a scientific argument are always related in the same logical way, in terms of the process of science, those elements may be assembled in different orders

Elizabeth´s Conclusion

D

These rules are really important while you are saying and argument, they give validity to your conclusion and helps you to reason in a correct way, also they are useful to identify in the proposition and the conclusion the major, minor and middle term.

Javier´s Conclusion

E

In stage 2 we learned about the importance of logic in our arguments. To express an argument it principally has to be logical, because if we do not express it with logic it will not be something serious. Logic has an important role in argumentation, at the same time argumentation has an important role in investigations, something that science and technology have as an important ‘tool’. In our investigations we have to show truly facts and result, these ones have to be proved with arguments, as well with logic.

Leo´s Conclusion

F

The importance of the logic´s rules to express true and valid arguments and the role of the logic in the development in other fields such as science and technology.

Logic is generally considered formal when it analyzes and represents the form of any valid argument type. The form of an argument is displayed by representing its sentences in the formal grammar and symbolism of a logical language to make its content usable in formal inference. Simply put, to formalize simply means to translate English sentences into the language of logic.

Andrea´s Conclusion

G

For me the logic´s rules are very important because without them we can not know if an argument is true or valid also if we do not use this rules we will start to say arguments that won´t have sense. Logic is very important for science and technology because this fields use it to make hypothesis and also to learn new things.