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Amyloid Plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
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What are Neurofibrillary Tangles?
Neurofibrillary tangles
Neurofibrillary Tangles are unusual build-ups of tau inside neurons. Tau is a protein that binds to neuronal microtubules (used to transport substances around the cell). Tau regulates the construction and stability of the neuronal microtubules. In a patient with Alzheimer’s unusual chemical changes force these proteins to separate from the microtubules and to bind to each other. Over time these constructions cause tangles inside the neurons.
A Neurofibrillary Tangle
What are Amyloid Plaques?
Amyloid plaques
Alzheimer’s disease generates beta-amyloid protein, that comes in many different molecular forms that accumulate in between interneurons. Beta-amyloid is formed from an amyloid precursor protein, a larger protein that had been broken down, to form beta-amyloid. In a brain affected by Alzheimer’s disease, there are higher levels of this protein, meaning that it clumps together forming plaques, spacing between neurons. This can disrupt the function of the cells.
Amyloid Plaques
Interneuron
An interneuron is a cell that makes up a nerve. Inter-neurons are found in the CNS.
Interneuron
Other names for an interneuron include:
• Relay neuron.
• Connector neuron.
• Intermediate neuron.
Other names for an interneuron
What is the function of interneurons?
Interneurons carry electrical impulses through the CNS (central nervous system), received from the sensory neurons. Once the impulse has reached the interneurons, they carry the message to the brain (unless if it is a reflex action, meaning that the impulse would just be taken to the spine), then the interneurons carry the impulse to motor neurons. In conclusion, interneurons are the connection between the sensory and motor neurons.