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Circuit Study Guide

What is a circuit?

In order to have a well thought out and planned circuit there needs to be an in and an out.

Within the in an out there needs to be-

  • Voltage

-Also known as the main power source

(battery)

  • Current

-Aids the electrons to flow throughout the closed loop path (wires)

  • Resistance

-Uses the electrons and slows them down (lights, resistor, etc.)

Ohms Law

This is used to calculate circuits quantities. The equation is I=V/R. Which stands for electric current= voltage/resistance. When solving it you get a word problems. It would be a laptop draws a current of 1.2 A. Which is connected to 150 volt current. So then you put R=1.2/150. R=125 ohms.

Ohms Law

How to apply

Within a circuit there is two different components/ types of circuits.

1.) Parallel Circuits

2.)Series Circuits

How to apply

Parallel Circuits

Parallel circuits have many benefits when deciding what to use when building your house. When you turn off a light switch in your house it only turns off one of the lights not multiple within a room. When solving a parallel equation you have to put all the numbers that are in parallel to each other go into the denominator and one goes in the numerator. Then continue until the circuit becomes a series.

Parallel

Series Circuits

A series has the end of one device connected to the beginning of the next with a constant flow. When solving a circuit equation the numbers that are just connected to one another (aka in series with each other) will just be added across. This circuit is not as beneficial as parallel since if one light is out they are all out.

Series

Solving

Solving

Parallel

9 12 24 12

Parallel

When solving a parallel you put all the numbers under 1. Starting with the 12 all the way to the right side. You would do 1/12 + the number next to it which in this case is the 24 in the middle. So 1/12+ 1/24. Since the denominators aren't the same you would multiple 1/12 by 2 to be 2/24. Then 2/24+1/24=3/24. Finally 3/24+ 1/12 you would do the same thing as the past problem it would be 3/24+1/24= 4/24. Finally flip the answer to be 24/4 and the total resistance is 6 ohms

Series

2

4

7

When solving for series you simply just add across the board. So for this problem I have above it would be 2+4+7=13. The total resistance for this current is 13 ohms.

Series

Bringing it together

After finding the total resistance you now have to find the total current (I). From previous slides you use ohms law. I=V/R. You will find the V right next to were the battery also known as the voltage. Lets say the voltage is 48 and the total resistance is 6. That means I or the total current is now 6.

Bringing it together

You try

2.) A TV draws 5 A which is plugged into a 500 volt current. What is the total resistance?

1.) There was a conversation amongst students about the difference between series and parallel. Which student is correct?

a. Series gives off a brighter light then parallel

b. When solving parallel you just add the resistance to get the total resistance

c. Series always a constant flow of electricity

d. None of the above

You try

13

16 48

25 v

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