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Climate Change and Our Oceans

Aaran Kumaresh, Elise Woodward, Jacob Trombley,

R.R.

Date 1

Who can recognize this movie?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmjAp2eRDH0

Intro

Tomorrow is closer than you think...

Step 2

Disruptions in sea currents

Mass destruction, habitat loss and casualties

but how?

Step 1

Step 3

Climatologists ignored

Super-storm develops

Our Oceans are Rising!

2 Main reasons:

1. Increase in atmospheric air temperatures - ice caps and glaciers to oceans

Our Oceans

2. Simple chemistry - water expands as it warms

Ocean absorbs about 90% of the heat's atmosphere

The infamous industrial age

Why is this happening?

0.7 degrees in 100 years

10 times faster than ice age recovery warming

The Conveyor Belt

Ocean Conveyor Belt

  • increase in surface water temperature disrupts natural movement

Other Effects

Strategy

How do we know that global sea levels are rising?

  • Tide gauge observation
  • Radar altimeters
  • Satellite imaging

Strategy

Tide Gauge Observation...

Tide Gauge

...measures tide heights against shoreline markers

Pros:

  • Records go back decades
  • Useful for long-term coastal observations

Cons:

  • Unreliable

Radar Altimeters...

Radar Altimeters

...measure global seal levels from satellites

  • Altimeters measure distance to ocean surfaces

  • Supplementary instruments measure distance to Earth's core

Satellite Imaging

NASA does a great job of providing side by side imaging to highlight global changes

https://climate.nasa.gov/images-of-change?id=534#534-columbia-glacier-melt-alaska

Satellite Imaging

Who is being affected by rising sea levels?

Affected Areas

San Francisco

Tuvalu

Who is being affected by rising sea levels?

Number of People Affected by Sea Level Rise in 3C Scenario

Who is being affected?

How Areas are Responding to expected Sea level Rise

Storm

Barrier

Seawall

Elevated Development

Defense

Mechanisms

Living shorelines

Floating Development

Long Term Perspective

  • Sea levels will not retreat for centuries

Long Term Perspective

We have two options:

1. Surround the coasts with walls and wait for a catastrophic event to kill hundreds of millions

2. Retreat to higher ground

What can we do?

Solutions?

Ice submarines

"Solution" 1

Number one way to reduce ice melting?

Slow climate change

The real solution

References

References

Bange, H. W., Bathmann, U., Behrens, J., Dahike, F., &

Ebinghaus, R. (2017). World Ocean Review. Retrieved from https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-5/improving-coastal-protection/coping-with-rising-sea-levels/.

G. Clayton, R. (2019). Effects of Climate Change on Oceans

and Sea Levels. Retrieved from: https://www.massaudubon.org/our-conservation-work/climate-change/effects-of-climate-change/on-oceans

Holder, J., Kommenda, N., & Watts, J. (2019). The three-

degree world: cities that will be drowned by global warming. Retrieved October 1, 2019, from https://www.theguardian.com/cities/ng-interactive/2017/nov/03/three-degree-world-cities-drowned-global-warming.

Mcfall-Johnsen, M. (2019, August 21). A team of designers

wants to build and iceberg-making submarine. Retrieved from Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/iceberg-making-submarine-to-combat-sea-level-rise-2019-8

NASA, Climate kids. (2019). How do we measure sea level?.

Retrieved from: https://climatekids.nasa.gov/sea-level/

NASA, Images of change. (2014). Columbia glacier melt,

Alaska. Retrieved from: https://climate.nasa.gov/images-of-change?id=534#534-columbia-glacier-melt-alaska

References 2

NOAA. Is Sea Level Rising? Retrieved from:

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sealevel.html accessed on 10/14/19

Nunez, C. (2019, February 27). Sea level rise, explained. Retrieved

from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/sea-level-rise/.

P. Przyborski. Earth Observatory. How is Today’s Warming Different

from the Past? (2010). Retrieved from: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page3.php

Rahmstorf, S. (2003). The Day after tomorrow - some comments

on the movie. Retrieved from Potsdam Institute for Climate Research: https://web.archive.org/web/20041011172259/http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/tdat_review.html

The day after tomorrow. (2004, May 28). Retrieved from IMDb.

Toggweiler, J. R. (2008). Climate Model predict ocean circulation

will weaken in response to global warming. Nature, 1-5.

Union of Cornered Scientists, R. (2013). Retrieved from: https://

www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/causes-of-sea-level-rise.html

Photo References

Photo References

https://www.vox.com/2019/9/23/20879924/greta-thunberg-climate-action-summit-2019-un

http://www.ifccenter.com/films/the-day-after-tomorrow/

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2010-101

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/superstorm-sandy-how-storm-morphed-from-boring-to-killer-superstorm/

https://grist.org/briefly/groundbreaking-study-outlines-what-you-can-do-about-climate-change/

https://www.google.com/search?q=elevated+homes+to+protect+against+flooding&sxsrf=ACYBGNRlzEDJiDYDNdxyEuoUEuC2kbqKJQ:1570767743648&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjO24nrrZPlAhWGZd8KHZ_SBioQ_AUIEigB&biw=1920&bih=969#imgrc=ulumOlGwd9U7BM:

https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-5/improving-coastal-protection/coping-with-rising-sea-levels/ - dam and floating homes

https://www.google.com/search?q=which+countries+will+be+most+affected+by+rising+sea+levels&sxsrf=ACYBGNR0R2ZWfxU4tMdO05VDunVOri870w:1570728720088&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwihvZi7nJLlAhWYoJ4KHZKGA48Q_AUIEygC&biw=1216&bih=650#imgrc=kKpMDFI04lFtwM:

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/future-floods-new-brunswick-climate-change-1.5134035 - houses flooded in saint johns

https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/get-facts-why-are-sea-levels-rising

https://www.treehugger.com/climate-change/what-earth-will-look-if-climate-change-melts-all-ice.html

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-19/fact-check-is-the-island-nation-tuvalu-growing/10627318

https://www.vims.edu/features/research/living-shorelines.php

http://www.seawalldoctors.com/the-seawall-doctors-what-are-the-advantages-of-a-seawall/

https://landofmaps.com/2015/02/18/world-gdp-density/

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/world/asia/14seawalls.html

https://www.picpedia.org/highway-signs/r/retreat.html

https://www.britannica.com/science/thermohaline-circulation#/media/1/591633/109639

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