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Formulation of Hypothesis
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Formulation of Hypothesis
Hypothesis consists of 2 words; Hypo and Thesis, Hypo means Tentative or Subject to the verification and Thesis means statement about solution of the problem. Which means of hypothesis is A tentative statement about the solution of the problem.
Again, 'Hypo' means the composition of two or more variables which are to be verified and 'Thesis' means position of these variables in the specific frame of reference
Formulation of Hypothesis
"A Hypothesis is a tentative generalization the validity of which remains to be tested. In its most elementary stage the hypothesis may be any hunch, guess, imaginative idea which becomes basis for further investigation" - Lundberg
" It is shrewd guess or inference that is formulated and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and to guide in further investigation" - John W. Best
Definition of Hypothesis
Nature of Hypothesis
-Conceptual
-Verbal statement in a declarative form
-It Represents the tentative relationship
-Forward or future oriented
-Pivot of a scientific research
Conceptual
Some kind of conceptual elements in the framework are involved in ahypothesis
Conceptual
Verbal Statement in a declarative form
Verbal expression of ideas and concepts. It's not merely mental idea but in the verbal form, the idea is ready enough for emprical verification
Verbal
It represents the tentative relationship
between two or more variables
Tentative Relationship
Forward or future oriented
It relates to the future verification not the past facts and information
Forward or
future
oriented
Pivot of a scientific research
All research activities are designed for verification of hypothesis
Pivot of
scientific
research
Function of hypothesis
H.H. Mc Ashan mentioned the following functions of hypothesis
1. It is temporary solution of a problem concerning with some truth which enables an investigator to start his research works
1
It offers an basis in establishing the specifics what to study for and may provide possible solutions to the problem
2
It may lead to formulate another hypothesis
3
A preliminary hypothesis may take the shape of final hypothesis
4
Each hypothesis provides the investigator with definite statement which may be objectively tested and accepted or rejected and leads for interpreting results and drawing conclusion that is related to original purpose
5
It delimits field of the investigator
6
It sensitizes the researcher so that he should work selective , and have very realistic approach to the problem
7
It offers the simple means for collecting evidences for verification
8
1. Investigator's eyes
2. Focuses research
3. Clear and specific goals
4. Links together
5. Prevent blind research
6. Guiding Light
Importance
of
Hypothesis
Forms of
Hypothesis
According to Bruce W. Tuckman following are the forms of hypothesis
Question Form
A Hypothesis stated as a question represent the simplest levek of emprical observation
1
Declarative statement
A hypothesis developed as a declarative statement provides an anticipated relationship or difference between variables
2
Directional Hypothesis
It connotes an ecpeced direction in the relationship or difference between variables
3
Non-Directional Hypothesis or Null Hypothesis
This is stated in the null from which is an assertion that no relationship or difference exist between or among the variables
4
Its formulation is one of the most difficult and most crucian in the entire scientific process. A poorly choosen or poorly worded hypothesis can prevent the following
1. The obtaining of enough pertinent data
2. The drawing of conclusion and generalizations
3. The application of certain statistical measures in the analysis of the result
Formulation
of Testable Hypothesis
There are 2 levels;
The operation level and The conceptual level
Fundamental basis of Hypothesis
Researcher must define events in observable terms in order to operate with the reality necessary to do researcher
Operation
Level
Researcher must define events in terms of underlying communality with other events