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JACQUELYN D. VERGARA

ART APPRECIATION | NOVEMBER 2020

Philippine Art:

A Timeline

Pre-colonial Art (6185 BC - 1520 AD)

-Pre-Spanish era

-art is beyond mere craft (stone weapons and jewelry)

Paleolithic

Paleolithic

Flake tools

- flake tools in Cagayan province (0.9 mill years ago)

-other artifacts are found in the different islands of Philippines like Batangas, Central Luzon, Davao, and Palawan.

Flake tools

RECEPTACLES

Early Filipinos believe in life after death

They used receptacles which were containers fashioned to enclose and protect the bodies of their dead relatives.

RECEPTACLES

DETAILED

Neolithic

Agono Petroglyphs

Neolithic

- declared as the oldest known work of art in Philippines

- 127 human and animal figures engraved on wall in Rizal, Philippines

Jewelry

-gold necklaces, earrings, bracelets, armlets, even to their grave.

-belt and hilts of swords and daggers made of gold

-establish their rank in society.

Jewelry

this was the life of our ancestors

gold death mask

-The burial practice of covering the eyes, nose, and mouth of the dead

-evil spirits cannot come into the body.

-14th to the early 15th century A.D. were found in a grave site in San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo.

gold death mask

Shell Bracelets and Pendants

- made into tools and ornaments

-The oldest identified were found in the early 1960’s in the tomb of an adult male in Duyong Cave in Palawan, next to his ears and to his chest

Important Works

sculpture

Lingling-o (2000 BC- 1000 AD)

-ear pendant (excellent ancient craftmanship of jade carving

Important Works

Manunggul jar (890 BC- 710 BC)

-ancient burial jar discovered in Tabon Cave, Palawan

detailed

architecture

bahay kubo and ifugao house

Pre colonial art forms

Pre colonial art forms

- contains religous symbols, everyday life, specific art pattern and exchange of art with other country traders.

  • Pottery
  • Weaving
  • Tattoo
  • Jewelry
  • Carving
  • Metal Crafts
  • Baybayin

baybayin

The ancient script Baybayin. According to many early Spanish accounts, the Tagalog had already been writing with the baybayin for at least a century

literature

detailed

Spanish Colonial Art (1521 - 1898)

- Introduced painting, sculpture, and architecture

- Catholic religion based artworks

Spanish Colonial Art (1521 - 1898)

Spanish aesthetics adopted

Spanish style of furniture carving and design

Spanish aesthetics adopted

Church in Iloilo, Philippines (left) adopted spanish architecture from Church in Murcia, Spain (right)

Filipino styles developed in spanish Era

  • Miniaturismo and Letras Y Figuras

Fr. Antonio Sedeno

architecture

Introduced a lime in the construction of buildings.

He was responsible for the construction of the first fortress

the Nuestra Senora de Guia Fort in Manila. "Novena to Our Lady of Guidance"

the Nuestra Senora

de Guia Fort in Manila.

"Novena to Our Lady

of Guidance"

visual

sculpture

began in the pre-Hispanic times in making the likha (a local deity)

redirected by the friars into the creation of Santos (sculptures of saints).

Supervised by the church authorities

(MEDIUM USED) Most of the Santos had been carved out of wood. Ivory and animal bone were also used.

Juan delos Santos

Juan delos Santos

several retablos for the Augustinian church in Intramuros

artwork

Lorenzo Flores

carved the escudo of the Franciscan Order found in front of the Tayabas Church.

Lorenzo Flores

artwork

painting

Early painting and sculptural works for the church were largely given to the Chinese artisans living in a community outside Intramuros called the Parian

The Sociedad Economica de Amigos dela Pais, a civic organization, aimed to encourage the development of visual arts

which led to the establishment of the Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura in 1821

Escuela Pintura Escultura Y Grabado in 1879.

damian domingo

“The First Great Filipino Painter”

“Father of Filipino Painting”

1st Filipino to paint his face

1st self-portrait in the Philippines

Academia de Dibujo y Pintura

Date of Birth: 1796

Birthplace: Tondo, Manila, Philippines

Year of Death: 1834

la sagrada familia

artwork

Oil on Copper Sheet (18x13in)

The delicate veil over the Virgin’s head and shoulders is transparent to the point of appearing almost invisible.

Cloth folds and curves of the figures’ clothing appear quite realistic.

It marks the peak of his finely detailed miniaturist style.

Damian Domingo uses color and drama with control.

The painting depicts three generations of the Holy Family.

veil

cloth folds

juan luna

“Ilocano Filipino Painter”

Political activist of the Philippine Revolution

1st recognized Philippine artists

Don Lorenzo (His 1st tutor) persuaded his parents to send him to Spain to advance his skills

Date of Birth: October 23,1857

Birthplace: Badoc, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Year of Death: December 7, 1899

spoliarium

artwork

Oil-on-Canvas

eight months

1st prize, gold medal at Exposicion de Bellas Artes of Oil Paintings in Madrid

Spoliarium Largest painting in the Philippines.

Lines and color- he captured pathos and barbarism of a decadent empire.

Heavy strong brush strokes- expressed his anger over the abuses and cruelties.

felix resurreccion hidalgo

felix hidalgo

National Artist of the Philippines for Painting

He studied in the University of Santo Tomas

where his artistry was encouraged by Fr. Sabater.

He was simultaneously enrolled at the Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura.

When Juan Luna won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition,

a Filipino painter shared with him the limelight by securing the second place.

Date of Birth: February 21, 1855

Birthplace: Binondo, Manila

Year of Death: March 1913

Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho

artwork

Oil-on-Canvas

Metropolitan Museum of Manila

Regarded as one of the national treasures of the Philippines

Part of art collection of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.

The original was destroyed in a fire at the University of Valladolid in Spain.

detailed

printing

Nicolas Bagay is one of the outstanding engravers who ran a printing press and Francisco Suarez

both known for their designs in 1733

12 scenes depicting representative life in the islands in the Murillo-Velarde Map.

visual

oldest artworks in the visual arts collection

An extremely rare icon belonging to

the primitive school of Philippine art.

It is typical of the religious art produced during the 18th

century for household use (devotional piece).

coronation of the virgin

lithographs printing

lithograph

prints

19th Century

The introduction of lithograph prints eventually replaced engraving in copper.

Lithograph Print- oil and water

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZd80iCWqAg&ab_channel=sugioprints

visual

American Colonial Art

(1898-1946)

American Colonial Art

(1898-1946)

- introduced art illustration, advertising, and commercial design

- brought education and value formation

Commercial Art

Filipino artists during American Era

  • Fabian dela Rosa (Master of Genre)
  • Fernando Amorsolo (first National Artist awardee)
  • Guillermo Tolentino (father of Philippine Arts) - "The Oblation"

Filipino artists during American Era

architecture

new materials such as:

reinforced concrete

glass

and steel

in the neoclassical architectural style

architecture

Neoclassicism

Manila Central Post Office (left) and White House (right)

juan arellano

tomas mapua

antonio toledo

guillermo Tolentino

sculpture

Only a lone name stood out,

Guillermo Tolentino, trained in the classical style in Rome.

Tolentino’s masterpieces include the Oblation in the University of the Philippines

and the

Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City.

Bonifacio Monument

artworks

UP Oblation

painting

Filipino painters depicted scenes from the countryside. Fabian de la Rosa and Fernando

Amorsolo dominated and influenced the art scene with their landscape and genre

painting.

painting

fabian dela rosa

Fabian dela rosa

Fabian dela Rosa was noted for his realistic portraits, genre, and landscapes in subdued colors.

He took lessons from Don Lorenzo Guerrero (also the tutor of Juan Luna)

De la Rosa is often considered the brightest name in Filipino painting

and certainly the most important for the first quarter of the century

"Young filipina"

"women working in a rice field"

artworks

"a remembrance of the villa borghese"

fernando amorsolo

He was named as the country’s first National Artist in 1972.

Fernando Amorsolo is Fabian Dela Rosa's nephew.

If de la Rosa’s work were of subdued, cool colors, then Amorsolo’s landscapes are bathe in the glorious Philippine sunlight.

"the making of the Philippine flag"

"dalagang BUKID"

artworks

"Fruit Pickers Harvesting Under The Mango Tree"

moreover

The Americans established the University of the Philippines, in 1908.

The School of Fine Arts was established in 1909 with Fabian dela Rosa as its first Dean. It would function as the local academy for art.

Amorsolo, being a faculty member and subsequently as the Dean of the U.P. School of Fine Arts

POst colonial (1946-1986)

-domination of Pop art, Installation Art, and Performance Art

- Social Realism is the theme due to political issues and social landscape

POst colonial (1946-1986)

cultural center of the philippines

architecture

The support of the Philippine Government for the arts via the creation of the Cultural Center of the Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artist to experiment and explore different art medium tying closely to the Post Modern Art Period of the West with Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance Art, dominating the scene.

visual

Leandro Locsin designed the Cultural Center of the Philippines who earned a

National Artist award.

Napoleon Abueva

sculpture

-considered the first modern Filipino sculptor. His modernism

was developed during his studies in the United States.

-Noted works are Double Crucifix

suspended from the dome above the altar of UP and Allegorical Harpoon at CCP

artworks

"Double Crucifix" at UP

"Allegorical Harpoon" at CCP

painting

Art Association of the Philippines and the Philippine Art Gallery helped to introduce modern art locally, to support its struggle against conservative art, and to create patronage among art-buyers.

The early post war modernist, call themselves Neo-Realists.

Two popular names were Vicente Manansala for Madonna of the Slums

and Carlos Fran for Sungka Players.

Their works demonstrated the influence of various Western Art styles such as post- impressionism, abstraction, cubism, expressionism and surrealism.

notable artists

"Sungka Players"

Carlos Fran

"Madonna of the Slums"

Vicente Manansala

Contemporary Art

(1986 -Present)

TO BE DISCUSSED.

Contemporary Art

(1986 -Present)

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