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JACQUELYN D. VERGARA
ART APPRECIATION | NOVEMBER 2020
-Pre-Spanish era
-art is beyond mere craft (stone weapons and jewelry)
- flake tools in Cagayan province (0.9 mill years ago)
-other artifacts are found in the different islands of Philippines like Batangas, Central Luzon, Davao, and Palawan.
Early Filipinos believe in life after death
They used receptacles which were containers fashioned to enclose and protect the bodies of their dead relatives.
Agono Petroglyphs
- declared as the oldest known work of art in Philippines
- 127 human and animal figures engraved on wall in Rizal, Philippines
-gold necklaces, earrings, bracelets, armlets, even to their grave.
-belt and hilts of swords and daggers made of gold
-establish their rank in society.
-The burial practice of covering the eyes, nose, and mouth of the dead
-evil spirits cannot come into the body.
-14th to the early 15th century A.D. were found in a grave site in San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo.
- made into tools and ornaments
-The oldest identified were found in the early 1960’s in the tomb of an adult male in Duyong Cave in Palawan, next to his ears and to his chest
Lingling-o (2000 BC- 1000 AD)
-ear pendant (excellent ancient craftmanship of jade carving
Manunggul jar (890 BC- 710 BC)
-ancient burial jar discovered in Tabon Cave, Palawan
- contains religous symbols, everyday life, specific art pattern and exchange of art with other country traders.
The ancient script Baybayin. According to many early Spanish accounts, the Tagalog had already been writing with the baybayin for at least a century
- Introduced painting, sculpture, and architecture
- Catholic religion based artworks
Spanish style of furniture carving and design
Church in Iloilo, Philippines (left) adopted spanish architecture from Church in Murcia, Spain (right)
Introduced a lime in the construction of buildings.
He was responsible for the construction of the first fortress
the Nuestra Senora de Guia Fort in Manila. "Novena to Our Lady of Guidance"
began in the pre-Hispanic times in making the likha (a local deity)
redirected by the friars into the creation of Santos (sculptures of saints).
Supervised by the church authorities
(MEDIUM USED) Most of the Santos had been carved out of wood. Ivory and animal bone were also used.
several retablos for the Augustinian church in Intramuros
carved the escudo of the Franciscan Order found in front of the Tayabas Church.
Early painting and sculptural works for the church were largely given to the Chinese artisans living in a community outside Intramuros called the Parian
The Sociedad Economica de Amigos dela Pais, a civic organization, aimed to encourage the development of visual arts
which led to the establishment of the Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura in 1821
Escuela Pintura Escultura Y Grabado in 1879.
“The First Great Filipino Painter”
“Father of Filipino Painting”
1st Filipino to paint his face
1st self-portrait in the Philippines
Academia de Dibujo y Pintura
Date of Birth: 1796
Birthplace: Tondo, Manila, Philippines
Year of Death: 1834
Oil on Copper Sheet (18x13in)
The delicate veil over the Virgin’s head and shoulders is transparent to the point of appearing almost invisible.
Cloth folds and curves of the figures’ clothing appear quite realistic.
It marks the peak of his finely detailed miniaturist style.
Damian Domingo uses color and drama with control.
The painting depicts three generations of the Holy Family.
“Ilocano Filipino Painter”
Political activist of the Philippine Revolution
1st recognized Philippine artists
Don Lorenzo (His 1st tutor) persuaded his parents to send him to Spain to advance his skills
Date of Birth: October 23,1857
Birthplace: Badoc, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Year of Death: December 7, 1899
Oil-on-Canvas
eight months
1st prize, gold medal at Exposicion de Bellas Artes of Oil Paintings in Madrid
Spoliarium Largest painting in the Philippines.
Lines and color- he captured pathos and barbarism of a decadent empire.
Heavy strong brush strokes- expressed his anger over the abuses and cruelties.
National Artist of the Philippines for Painting
He studied in the University of Santo Tomas
where his artistry was encouraged by Fr. Sabater.
He was simultaneously enrolled at the Escuela de Dibujo y Pintura.
When Juan Luna won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition,
a Filipino painter shared with him the limelight by securing the second place.
Date of Birth: February 21, 1855
Birthplace: Binondo, Manila
Year of Death: March 1913
Oil-on-Canvas
Metropolitan Museum of Manila
Regarded as one of the national treasures of the Philippines
Part of art collection of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
The original was destroyed in a fire at the University of Valladolid in Spain.
Nicolas Bagay is one of the outstanding engravers who ran a printing press and Francisco Suarez
both known for their designs in 1733
12 scenes depicting representative life in the islands in the Murillo-Velarde Map.
oldest artworks in the visual arts collection
An extremely rare icon belonging to
the primitive school of Philippine art.
It is typical of the religious art produced during the 18th
century for household use (devotional piece).
19th Century
The introduction of lithograph prints eventually replaced engraving in copper.
Lithograph Print- oil and water
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZd80iCWqAg&ab_channel=sugioprints
- introduced art illustration, advertising, and commercial design
- brought education and value formation
new materials such as:
reinforced concrete
glass
and steel
in the neoclassical architectural style
Manila Central Post Office (left) and White House (right)
Only a lone name stood out,
Guillermo Tolentino, trained in the classical style in Rome.
Tolentino’s masterpieces include the Oblation in the University of the Philippines
and the
Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City.
Bonifacio Monument
UP Oblation
Filipino painters depicted scenes from the countryside. Fabian de la Rosa and Fernando
Amorsolo dominated and influenced the art scene with their landscape and genre
painting.
Fabian dela Rosa was noted for his realistic portraits, genre, and landscapes in subdued colors.
He took lessons from Don Lorenzo Guerrero (also the tutor of Juan Luna)
De la Rosa is often considered the brightest name in Filipino painting
and certainly the most important for the first quarter of the century
He was named as the country’s first National Artist in 1972.
Fernando Amorsolo is Fabian Dela Rosa's nephew.
If de la Rosa’s work were of subdued, cool colors, then Amorsolo’s landscapes are bathe in the glorious Philippine sunlight.
The Americans established the University of the Philippines, in 1908.
The School of Fine Arts was established in 1909 with Fabian dela Rosa as its first Dean. It would function as the local academy for art.
Amorsolo, being a faculty member and subsequently as the Dean of the U.P. School of Fine Arts
-domination of Pop art, Installation Art, and Performance Art
- Social Realism is the theme due to political issues and social landscape
The support of the Philippine Government for the arts via the creation of the Cultural Center of the Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artist to experiment and explore different art medium tying closely to the Post Modern Art Period of the West with Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance Art, dominating the scene.
Leandro Locsin designed the Cultural Center of the Philippines who earned a
National Artist award.
-considered the first modern Filipino sculptor. His modernism
was developed during his studies in the United States.
-Noted works are Double Crucifix
suspended from the dome above the altar of UP and Allegorical Harpoon at CCP
"Double Crucifix" at UP
"Allegorical Harpoon" at CCP
Art Association of the Philippines and the Philippine Art Gallery helped to introduce modern art locally, to support its struggle against conservative art, and to create patronage among art-buyers.
The early post war modernist, call themselves Neo-Realists.
Two popular names were Vicente Manansala for Madonna of the Slums
and Carlos Fran for Sungka Players.
Their works demonstrated the influence of various Western Art styles such as post- impressionism, abstraction, cubism, expressionism and surrealism.
"Sungka Players"
"Madonna of the Slums"
TO BE DISCUSSED.