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Australia and Indonesia

A Presentation by Jay Wu

References:

https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/indonesia

https://www.peo.gov.au/learning/closer-look/parliament-and-MPR/election-processes-

MPR.html

https://www.peo.gov.au/learning/fact-sheets/separation-of-powers.html

https://www.peo.gov.au/learning/fact-sheets/separation-of-powers.html

https://www.peo.gov.au/learning/closer-look.html

Elections

Democratic

Elections

- Both use electorates so each member of parliament represents a similar amount of voters

- Both use independent government agency to conduct national elections

Australia

Australian Elections

- House of Representatives has 151 members, including the Prime Minister

- Each member represents an electorate

-Elections for the House of Representatives use preferential voting system

-Federal Elections are held every three years, or earlier if requested by the Prime Minister

- Elections are compulsory for anyone over the age of 18

- The Senate are selected from each state for six-year fixed terms

- Senate Elections use a proportional voting system to fill vacancies

Australian Elections aim to reflect the will of the people, this is called "Representative Democracy," where the goal is to elect those who will make laws on the citizens' behalf

In Australia, the party that wins majority seats (76 seats) makes government, and the leader of that party becomes the Prime Minister

Indonesia

Indonesian Elections

- Elections for the DPR (People's Representative Council) and DPD (Regional Representative Council) occur every 5 years

- Voting is not compulsory but voters must register before an election in order to vote

- Citizens can vote when they are 17 years old or earlier if they are married

- There are 560 members in the DPR for 5 year terms

- There are 132 members in the DPD for 5 year terms

- Four DPD members represent one province

In Indonesia, there is an independent vote for the President, whereas in Australia the leader of the party that wins the majory of the seats becomes Prime Minister

Separation of Powers

- Neither Countries have full Separation of Powers

- Both Countries' consitutions describe the powers of the Judicial, Executive and Legislative arms of the Government

- Separation of Powers is applied to ensure the three government branches can be checked and balanced

Separation

of

Powers

SoP in Australia

- Australia does not have a complete seperation of powers because the executive is drawn from parliament (legistlature) and members of the judiciary are appointed by the Governor General who is advised by members of the executive

- The Prime Minister can dismiss the Govenor General and vice versa (image shows Gough Whitlam, who was dismissed by the Governor General in 1975)

Australia

- The role of each branch is :

Legislative - Creates and amends Legilation (Includes Gov-General, HoR and the Senate)

Executive - Puts laws into action (Includes Gov-General, PM and Ministers)

Judicary - Interprets the Law

SoP in Indonesia

- Indonesia's Seperation of Power is similiar to Australia's with 3 seperate branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial)

- The DPR (Legislative) has the authority to make laws but it actually works with the President through Executive Power

- The DPD can't actually make laws, only the DPR can and the DPD can merely suggest and advise the DPR on matters

- The President proposes bills to the DPR, appoints ministers to bills and appoints Supreme Court judges approved by the DPR

Indonesia

Responsible/Representative Government

- A Responsible Government refers to a government that is responsible to the people

- Used to describe a political system where the executive government, the Cabinet and Ministry is drawn from and accountable to the legislative branch

- Representative Democracy means eligible people vote for candidates that they believe will carry out laws and practices on their behalf

Responsible Government

Responsible/Representative Government In Australia

- Australia is a Representative Government, with eligible people voting for those who they believe would best represent their values in parliament

- Australia is based on the Westminster System and also has a bicameral system, meaning there are 2 legislative houses or chambers

- The party that has majority seats (76) makes government, this means the most popular and whoever is favoured by the masses will make Government

Australia

- Australia is a Constituional Monarchy, with the constitution limiting powers and giving more power to the people, In the constitution, it state that the members of federal parliament are to be "directly chosen by the people"

Responsible/Representative Government

In Indonesia

- Although Indonesia has 2 Legislative Chambers, the DPD cannot actually make laws or bills, they can only suggest and give advice to the DPR

- The President can be removed from his position if there is a two-thirds vote by the MPR

- The President of Indonesia is also the Head of State and Head of Government

Indonesia

Political Freedoms

in

Australia and Indonesia

- Although both Australia and Indonesia have freedoms, they are and restricted differently by each country's standards

Political

Freedoms

Political Freedoms in Australia

Australia

- Freedom of Speech is allowed until it becomes hate speech or defamation

- There is also freedom of the press as long is it isn't considered hate speech or defamation

- Although the Australian Constitution doesn't explicitly protect the Freedom of Expression however the High Court has said that the implied freedom of political communication exists apart of an indispensable part of the system of Government

Many believe Pauline Hanson's speeches could be considered hate speech

Political Freedoms in Indonesia

- Freedom of Speech is restricted

- Freedom of the Press is restricted and the media cant speak against the Government

- There are alot of laws against blasphemy, defamation and certain other forms of speech that inhibit the expression of personal views. For example in 2018, a 18 year-old got sentenced to 18 months in prison for talking about the President on Facebook

- Reporters and Journalists often face intimidation, with many having to censor themselves to not break laws regarding blasphemy

Indonesia

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