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Model of the Earth's Layers
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Model of the Earth's Layers
Mantle convection occurs because relatively hot rocks are less dense and rise in a gravitational field while relatively cold rocks are more dense and sink.
How mantle convection occurs.
Convection currents drive the movement of Earth's rigid tectonic plates in the planet's fluid molten mantle.
The role mantle convection plays in plate tectonics.
As the seafloor grows wider, the continents on opposite sides of the ridge move away from each other. The North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, for example, are separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The two continents are moving away from each other at the rate of about 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) per year.
How plate motion leads to continental drift.
Divergent boundaries -- where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.
Convergent boundaries -- where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.
Transform boundaries -- where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.
Plate boundary zones -- broad belts in which boundaries are not well defined and the effects of plate interaction are unclear.