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Module 2 Lesson 2 Interpersonal
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Vase or face?
Module 2 Lesson 2:
Perception
Who is correct?
What animal(s) do you see?
A young or elderly woman?
Process of Perception
Perception Process
Perception is an active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, events, situations, and activities.
Selection
Selection
- We constantly select which of the infinite number of stimuli around us is most relevant at any point in time.
- Stimuli that stand out.
- Our culture influences what we select to perceive.
- Our motives at one moment in time influence what we select.
Organization
We use cognitive frameworks to help make sense of the world.
Cognitive Frameworks
Cognitive Frameworks
- Physical
- Role-based
- Interaction-based
- Psychological
Interpretation
The process of attaching meaning or explanations to what we have noticed and organized.
Attribution Theory
Attribution Theory
People use attributions to help explain why things happen or why people act the way that they do.
Attribution Theory
- When we explain the behavior of others, we look for enduring internal/dispositional attributions such as personality traits.
- When we try to explain our own behavior, we tend to make external attributions, such as situational or the environment.
Fundamental Attribution Error
Fundamental Attribution Error
- When we quickly judge others unfairly when they make mistakes.
- We do not take into account the situational factors that may have caused them to make unethical decisions.
- We may also find situational factors, pressure, and other factors to excuse our own conduct.
Self-Serving Bias
Self-Serving Bias
Occurs when we take excessive personal credit for our successes and assume someone or something else is responsible for our poor performances.
Perception Checking
A process to check and share your perceptions to avoid miscommunication and conflict. When done correctly, perception checking can save you from arguments, judgment, and time.
Perception Checking
Perception Checking
1. A description of the behavior you noticed.
2. Two possible interpretations of the behavior.
3. A request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.
Sample: "You haven't laughed that much in the last couple of days [describing the behavior you noticed]. It makes me wonder if something is bother you [first interpretation] or just in a hurry [second interpretation]. How do you feel? [request for clarification]"
Perception Checking Activity Scenario #1:
You made a suggestion to your boss about how to improve efficiency at your job. You thought it was an excellent suggestion. Your boss didn’t look very interested, but said he would investigate your suggestion immediately. He has yet to get back to you, and it’s been over 10 days. He sits next to you during lunch.
1. A description of the behavior you noticed.
2. Two possible interpretations of the behavior.
3. A request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.
Perception Checking Activity Scenario #2
Your friend usually goes to dinner with you every Tuesday night to catch up and have drinks. However, when asking her if trying a new place to eat is okay, she has yet to respond to your phone call, and it's been over three days. Eventually, you see her at school, eating lunch.
1. A description of the behavior you noticed.
2. Two possible interpretations of the behavior.
3. A request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.
Perception Checking Activity Scenario #3
Your roommate, who is usually very tidy, has not done the dishes in four days. He knows this annoys you because you have talked about it in the past. Every time he sees you, he disappears into his room. Eventually, he comes out of his room and is studying out in the living room.
1. A description of the behavior you noticed.
2. Two possible interpretations of the behavior.
3. A request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.
Perceive with Empathy
Empathy
To understand others more completely, we need to have empathy: the ability to re-create another person’s perspective, to experience the world from their point of view.
Empathy