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Malla Dynasty

13th Century (936 B.S - 1825 B.S)

Ari Malla ( The first King Of Malla

Ari Malla

King of Nepal

Reign 1201–1216

Successor Abhaya Malla

Born Nepal

Died 1216

13 century

Ari Malla seemed to be the first Malla ruler in Nepal.

No mention of the Malla kings before him is made in the his

tory of Nepal. The word 'Malla' literally means a wrestler. It is

said that Arideva Malla was very fond of wrestling. Once while

he was engaging himself in wrestling, he heard the news of the

birth of a son to him. As a son was born to him at the time when

he was engaged in wrestling, he added the word 'Malla' after his

name and from that time on Malla dynasty came into existence

Contribution of Ari Malla

Over the next two centuries grew into a large empire before disintegrating into small principalities, which later became known as the Baisi (i.e. the 22 principalities). This was more or less coincidental with the emergence of the Chaubisi (i.e. 24 principalities).

 The history of these principalities remains shrouded up until the time when they joined other kingdoms, both large and small, to form the unified Kingdom of Nepal

Jayayakshya Malla

Jayayakshya Malla (often named Yaksha Malla for short) ) was a Malla Dynasty king of Nepal from around 1428 to 1482. He enlarged the boundaries of Nepal and developed infrastructure. He divided his lands among his sons, effectively ending the possibility of a unified Nepal for some time. The major divisions were: 1. Khowpa: Modern Day Bhaktapur 2. Yein: Modern Day Kathmandu 3. Yala: Modern Day Patan 4. Kipli: Modern Day Kirtipur 5. Dhunkhya: Modern Day Dhulikhel 6. Bhota: Modern Day Banepa 7. Thee: Modern Day Thimi 8. Bhimphedi 9. Bandipur 10. Dolakha 11. Panauti 12. Palpa 13. Bhojpur 14. Chitlang

14th century

Ratna Malla

1480-1520 B.s.

Ratna Malla was the first independent king of Kantipur. He was one of the six sons of Jayayakshya Malla. On the death of his father in 1482, he and his brothers attempted to rule collegially. However, Ratna Malla decided to become an independent ruler and created the Kingdom of Kantipur, with its capital in Kathmandu, in 1484. He was the first Nepalese king to invite Kashmiri Muslim traders to Kathmandu

Surya Malla (1520-1530) :

Surya Malla was the second king of Kantipur. He ruled from 1520 to 1530. According to the Bhāsāvamsävali and Padmagiri's Vamsävali, he captured Sankhu and made it his capital

Amar Malla(1530 – 1538):

Amara Malla was the third king of Kantipur in present day Nepal. He ruled from 1530 to 1538. During his reign, many festivals were introduced.

Narendra Malla 1538 – 1560

Mahendra Malla 1560 – 1574

Sadashiva Malla 1574 – 1583

Shivasimha Malla 1583 – 1619

Lakshminarasimha Malla 1620 -1641

Other Malla

Laxmi Narshingh Malla: ( 1585-1594 AD ) After the demise of grandfather Shiva Shingh Malla, he ascended the throne Kantipur in 1585 AD. It is believed that he constructed "Kasta Mandap Temple" from a Single Sal Tree.

  • Renovation of Nuwakot Bhairabi Temple
  • Establishment of Shibalaya in Makhan

Laxmi Narsingh Malla

Jaya Prakash Malla

1736-1746

Jaya Prakash Malla  (died 1768) was the last king of Yen or Kantipur which corresponds to present-day Kathmandu.

He ruled from 1736 to 1746, and then from 1750 until his death in 1769.

He spent most of his reign in constant conflict with other Nepali kingdoms including that of Prithvi Narayan Shah in the Battle of Kathmandu.

He was the last king of Kathmandu (at that time, Kathmandu functioned as an independent state or principality) before King Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Kathmandu when the Kathmandu city folk were celebrating the festival of Indrajatra and conquered it.

He contributed to the literature of Nepal Bhasa with works such as "Padma Samuchaya" and three dramas that were concerned with Hindu mythology being Ratneshwar Pradurbhav, Birdhwojopakhyan Natakam and Bhairavpradurbhav.

When Gorkhali king Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Nuwakot, a protectorate of Kantipur, Jaya Prakash Malla sent troops under Kashiram Thapa. The battle occurred in 1746 where Kashiram Thapa lost the war and Jaya Prakash Malla thought of deceit.

 Jaya Prakash Malla was angered and killed him. In the day of Indrajatra , when there was festival going on, Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Yen (Kantipur). Jaya Prakash Malla was helpless and he went to Lalitpur to seek asylum. Tej Narasimha Malla ruled that kingdom.

After some time Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Lalitpur and Jaya Prakash Malla along with Tej Narasimha Malla ran to Bhaktapur to seek asylum. When Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Bhaktapur, Ranajit Malla surrendered. Later, Ranajit Malla was sent to Kashi to spend rest of his life; Jaya Prakash Malla died and Tej Narasimha Malla was kept in lifetime detention.

Pratap Malla

  • He gave himself a name as"kavindra" which means "The king of poets"
  • He was Tolerant of all religions and fond of building temples
  • His father was king Lakshmi Narsingha Malla

1624-74 A.D.

Political Reforms

  • He tried to Unify kathmandu valley but failed his effort.
  • He was sucessful in extending border of kantipur.
  • was responsible for the monopoly over trade with Tibet.
  • In his kingdom he had some european visitors.

Economics Reforms

  • The economy of kathmandu developed very well due to the trade with tibet and during his responsible for contribution of majority of durbar square.
  • His regime is seen as cultural and economically at high point of malla dynasty
  • he built a temple of Krishna with the image of Kala Bhairav in front of Hanuman Dhoka and a temple of Guheshwari.
  • He offered a gold umbrella to Pashupatinath temple. He had great respect for Buddhism.
  • He introduced Seto Machchhindranath Jatra.
  • He built Rani Pokhari
  • Krishna Temple (Chyasin Dega)
  • Kal Bhairab Statue
  • Stone inscription
  • Gai Jatra
  • In 1614 additions and renovations of Swayambhunath complex were made by Zhamarpa VI during the reign of Pratap Malla. Access from Kathmandu was improved with the construction of a long stairway and a bridge across the Vishnumati. At the bottom of the 400 stone steps are three painted images symbolizing the Three Precious Jewels of Buddhism, which were erected in 1637 by Pratap Malla and his son, Lakshmandra Singh Malla.

Social Reforms

Image

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