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Banqiao and Shimantan Dam
6
Banqiao and Shimantan Dam Failure
-Iian Chen
What was it
The Banqiao dam was built on the Ru River in the western Henan Province
Its purpose was to prevent severe flooding and ensure electrical generation as part of the Great Leap Forward.
W
Known as the "Iron Dam"
Banqiao dam. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Timeline. https://miro.medium.com/max/1960/1*WQXwcoxLFCIKhVpdvphs_A.jpeg
Typhoon Nina
A year's worth of rain fell in ONE day
Produced water levels over what the Banqiao Dam was designed to hold
Typhoon
Nina
On August 8th, 1975 the dam collapsed
Created wave 33 feet high and 7 miles wide traveling at 50 mph
Picture
Typhoon nina. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Philstar. http://media.philstar.com/images/the-philippine-star/nation/20161225/10_nina-satellite-us-navy.JPG
Effects
61 other dams fell after the failure of the Banqiao Dam in the same day
Typhoon Nina claimed the Shimantan Dam as well
Effects
Shimantan dam. (n.d.). [Photgraph]. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343269119/figure/fig2/AS:923737465577472@1597247582246/Final-breach-of-Shimantan-dam.ppm
Short term Effects
A town downstream named Daowencheng was completely overtaken, claiming the lives of all 9600 citizens
Nothing but
Death
Daowencheng. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Howafrica. http://cdn.lolwot.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20-deadliest-floods-in-world-history-16.jpg
With lack of a warning system, 26000 unsuspecting people were killed in the floods alone
Downstream
Overtime
Even if you manage to survive the initial flooding, you had 0 mobility
Help was very little and did not get to everyone
Overtime
Flood rescue. (n.d.). [Photograph]. The Leader. https://theleaders-online.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/china-floods-xingtai-20160724-snap-890x700_c.jpg
Long Term Effects
This led to
- Breakouts of diseases caused by water contamination
-Famine (spoiled food)
-These after effects affected 145000
Long Term Effects
Total death toll is estimated to be around 175000
- 6 million buildings collapsed
- A total of 11 million people affected
- Those who survived were left without a home
When Construction Finished
When construction finished...
There were cracks in the dam once it was finished
These were patched by Soviet Engineers
Who Knew Before
China’s xinjiang dam. (n.d.). [Photograph]. World Energy. https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2020/0611/20200611031615412.jpg
Chen Xing
One of China's best hydrologists
-Helped build the dam
-Criticized the government
Chen Xing
Kinetic history. (n.d.). The great leap forward [Illustration]. Youtube. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/A6XQKYnrlSA/maxresdefault.jpg
Sluice
Chen's design had recommended 12 sluice gates but only 5 were included
Sluice
Sluice. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Gethiroshima. https://i0.wp.com/gethiroshima.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/nukui-dam-sluice-gates-open.jpg?fit=1400%2C928
Open the Dam
August 6th, 2 days before the dam break, the request to open the dam was denied
Open the
Dam
August 7th, the request was accepted but it was far too late
The typhoon already broke the telegraph wires
What We've Learned
By 1993, the dam was rebuilt taller
Ever since, the Chinese government has been focused on surveillance and repair of flaws of reservoir dams
What
We've
Learned
Banqiao dam map. (n.d.). [Diagram]. Business Insider. https://static.businessinsider.com/image/58a1fc123149a166008b69d8/image.jpg
9.72 billion US dollars spent to repair 9197 degraded reservoirs.
The vast majority of which were constructed poorly in the 1950s-1970s
Banqiao dam. (n.d.-b). [Photograph]. Pinterest. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bd/9d/ee/bd9dee7e376233ae80884adb4239fd1c.jpg
Hindenburg, 36 deaths, forever remembered
WHEN
Titanic, 1500 deaths, infamous
Not So Fun
Banqiao and Shimantam Dam, 175000 deaths, nothing
The Chinese government attempted to keep the dam failure a secret and succeeded for around 30 years
Citations
Thank You For Your Time
Citations APA
Citations
-Banqiao dam failure in 1975, henan, china | EJAtlas. (2019, August 18). Environmental Justice Atlas. https://ejatlas.org/conflict/baquio-dam-failure-henan-china
-Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, May 6). Flood. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/flood
-Reflections on banqiao. (2019, August 8). Features - The Chemical Engineer. https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/features/reflections-on-banqiao/
-Tyrell, W. (2020, October 2). Engineering disasters: Banqiao dam failure. EngineeringClicks. https://www.engineeringclicks.com/banqiao-dam/
-World Heritage Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Shimantan dam. Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing Press. Retrieved May 13, 2021, from http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/Shimantan_Dam
-The worst structural failure in history was kept a secret for 30 years. (2019, November 12). Commonplace Fun Facts. https://commonplacefacts.wordpress.com/2019/11/12/the-worst-structural-failure-in-history-was-kept-a-secret-for-30-years/#:%7E:text=The%20Banqiao%20Dam%20collapsed%2C%20sending%2C%20in%20one%20terrible,and%20set%20off%20a%20chain%20reaction%20of%20events.