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- 60 % of BW is water
- Younger -> higher need
- Fat: 10% water
- Muscle: 75% water
Dogs: 80-90 ml/kg
Cats: 60 ml/kg
Loss of 15% body water is often fatal
Extracellular
Intracellular
1/3
Interstitiellt
2/3
IV
Anemia -> Hb -> NO -> Vasodilation -> arterial underfilling -> RAAS -> volume overload
50-60 ml/kg
Hypothermia -> norepinephrine low affinity for adrenergic receptors -> vasodilation ->rewarming -> vasoconstriction
Anemia -> Hb -> NO -> Vasodilation -> arterial underfilling -> RAAS -> volume overload
50-60 ml/kg
Hypothermia -> norepinephrine low affinity for adrenergic receptors -> vasodilation ->rewarming -> vasoconstriction
Anemia -> Hb -> NO -> Vasodilation -> arterial underfilling -> RAAS -> volume overload
50-60 ml/kg
Hypothermia -> norepinephrine low affinity for adrenergic receptors -> vasodilation ->rewarming -> vasoconstriction
Can be used for boluses & replacement.
LRS
Plasmalyte
NaCl 0.9%
Never for boluses! Will cause cellular swelling and edema.
D5W
0.45% NaCl
Dextrose 5% in sterile water
Na: 77 mEq/l
Cl: 77 mEq/l
Typical dose 3-5 mL/kg over 10-15 min
Side effects
- Coagulopathy (increase in APTT)
- Humans: AKI & Direct renal toxicity
BW (kg) x percentage dehydration = deficit (L)
Dogs: 10 - 20 ml/kg over 10-20 minutes
Cats: 5-10 ml/kg over 5-10 min
- Will pull water into the IV space
- Increases cardiac contractility
- Mild peripherial vasodilation
- Decrease in intracranial pressure
- Might help decrease endothelial swelling and inflammation
Goal
MAP: 60-65 mmHg
Doppler/systolic: 85-90mmHg
Until bleeding under control
Dehydration
BW x % dehydration x 1000 (ml)
Mainteinance
BW^0.75x70 (for 24 hrs)
Ongion losses
Estimation depending on severity