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IV. Declaring Independence

A. 2nd Continental Congress

B. Declaring Independence

Chapter 5:

1. Distinguished Leaders

a. Ben Franklin

b. Thomas Jefferson

c. John Hancock chosen as President

2. Key Actions

a. established a post office

b. printed money

c. created the Continental Army

d. GW appointed General

e. Olive Branch Petition

3. War Heats Up

a. loss at Quebec

b. Siege of Boston

  • Washington & cannons arrive
  • Gates & troops leave Boston

4. Moving Towards Independence

a. Thomas Paine's Common Sense

b. over 500,000 copies sold

1. Writing the Declaration

a. Declaration Committee

  • John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin

b. ideas of John Locke

2. Declaration of Independence

a. Written by Jefferson, edited by the committee

b. 3 main parts

  • Rights of Man
  • Complaints against the King
  • Determination to break away from England

III. A Call to Arms

B. Fighting Begins

A. 1st Continental Congress

C. More Military Action

1. met in Philadelphia in 1774

2. Every colony there except Georgia

3. 55 delegates attend

  • Sam Adams
  • John Adams
  • GW
  • Patrick Henry
  • Richard Henry Lee

4. Boycott British goods

5. Prepare militias for war

1. British Send More Troops

a. minutemen

b. Gen. Thomas Gage in charge

  • military stockpiles to be captured
  • arrest Sam Adams & John Hancock

2. Midnight Ride of Paul Revere

a. Dr. Joseph Warren

b. "one if by land, two if by sea"

c. Other riders other than Revere

  • Williams Dawes
  • Samuel Prescott

3. Lexington & Concord

a. April 19, 1775

b. redcoats

c. weapons & ammo moved

d. "shot heard 'round the world"

1. Fort Ticonderoga

a. key location & had military supplies

b. Benedict Arnold & Ethan Allen attack the fort

c. Green Mountain Boys

d. they take the fort & the canons

2. Battle of Bunker Hill

a. actually fought on Breed's Hill

b. militia led by William Prescott

c. "don't fire until you see the whites in their eyes"

d. after 3 attempts, the British finally claim victory - but suffer heavy casualties

e. Though they lost the ground, it proves that the militia can fight

3. Choosing Sides

a. Loyalists

b. Patriots

II. Uniting the Colonies

The Spirit of Independence

A. Trouble in Massachusetts

B. Crisis In Boston

1. Tea Act

a. lowered the tax on tea

b. colonists could only buy from one company

2. Boston Tea Party 1773

a. Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawks

b. dumped tea in harbor valued in the millions

3. Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

a. Closed the Boston Harbor

b. Quartering Act

c. Hope was to restore order, but only caused more problems

1. Boston

a. more troops sent in to restore order

b. troops take jobs, cause other problems

2. Tension in the streets

a. Boston Massacre 1770

  • 5 died
  • Crispus Attucks, African-American whaler

b. Spreading the News

  • propoganda
  • Paul Revere
  • committees of correspondence

I. No Taxation W/out Representation

A. Dealing w/ Great Britain

B. New Taxes on the Colonies

1. Proclamation Act of 1763

2. Enforcing Trade Laws

a. large war debt

b. writs of assistance

3. Sugar Act of 1764

1. Stamp Act 1765

a. 1st direct tax on colonies

b. Sons of Liberty formed

  • Sam Adams

c. Stamp Act Congress

  • boycott
  • repealed in 1766

d. Declaratory Act 1766

2. Townshend Acts 1767

a. tax on numerous goods

b. Daughter's of Liberty formed

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