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Fats

Carbohydrates

- also made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

- can be either liquid or solid

- occur in the form of triglycerides

-have 2.25 times as much energy as carbs but also takes 2.25x the enegy to digest

- can be added to increase energy intake without increasing total feed intake

- contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

- two forms "simple and complex" AKA monosaccharides and polysaccharides

- normally account for 65-80% of feeds consumed

- cellulose is most abundant source

Nutrients are required for bodily functions to be able to occur properly

Proteins

Water

- composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and NITROGEN

- majority of tissues and muscles

- 22 (or 25) different amino acids that make up the kinds of proteins

- 10 essential building blocks

- polypeptides are chains of amino acids

- crucial to most physiological and metabolic functions

- animals are roughly 75% water, which gives cells their physical shape

- lubricates and transports nutrients, maintains normal body temperature through perspiration, and reacts with chemical compounds to breakdown feed

- can live longer without food than water

- deficiencies will decrease growth, production, weight, energy, condition, and can cause sickness

- nutritional requirements vary based on each species as well as age, weight, and intended usage

Vitamins

Minerals

- organic compounds needed for specific metabolic functions

- essential for proper utilization of proteins, fats, and carbs thru the action of a catalyst

- fat soluble are stored in the liver or fatty tissues

- water soluble are either manufactored by the rumen/cecum or supplemented

- chemical elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

- inorganic (contain no carbon)

- support growth, production, and development as catalyst for other body processes

- macro minerals and micro minerals

Essential Nutrients for Animals

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