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April 12, 1961, the Soviet Union launched Yuri Gagarin into space. Not only was he the first man in space, he also was the first man to orbit the Earth.
May 5, 1961, Alan Shepherd was the first American in space as he flew 116 miles high for 15.5 minutes
The Soviets crashed a space probe onto the moon
October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite and what spurred the pursuit of better technology for reaching space. The beep Sputnik emitted as it passed overhead could be heard by those standing on Earth.
This motivated the United States to increase efforts to reach space, spurring the Space Age.
November 1957, the Soviet Union launched Laika in Sputnik 2 and orbited Earth. She was the first animal to orbit the Earth.
Image Source: https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/x1Fb_FZDvs1nRSJ2xraulN3nZsg=/fit-in/1600x0/filters:focal(2682x998:2683x999)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/57/8c/578c3a35-400a-46bf-8556-8b7550736816/laika_color
The Sovient Union had the first woman in space
President John F. Kennedy made a goal of getting a man on the moon by 1970. Tests included robots sent to the moon's surface to ensure astronauts could land safely.
The Surveyor 1 successfully landed on the moon a few months after the Soviet Union successfully landed their probe on the moon. After its landing, the Surveyor photographed the moon's surface for scientists on Earth to study.
The MIR space station was operated by the Soviet Union and built piece by piece and launched into space individually before being connected in orbit. It took 10 years for the space station to be completed. It was decommisioned in 2001.
Russia sent a space probe to orbit Mars, which took pictures and sent them back to Earth. It failed to successfully land to explore the surface of Mars.
July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first men to walk on the moon.
NASA's current mission is Artemis. It is focused on establishing a moon base within the next 5 years. This is thought to be a stepping stone to get a human on Mars.
On June 14, 1949, Albert traveled 83miles above Earth's surface on an American rocket.
2 days after launching, an explosion occurred on the space shuttle Apollo 13. The mission changed from landing on the moon to successfully returning the astronauts.
Construction on the ISS began in 1986, and each piece was launched individually into orbit where it was connected by astronauts. The last piece was connected in 2010. A permanent crew of astronauts live and research here. The ISS is set to be decommisioned in 2031.
https://www.spacekids.co.uk/spacehistory/
https://www.nasa.gov/what-is-artemis
https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/nasa-plans-watery-end-space-station-2031-rcna14576
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/who-was-alan-shepard-k4.html
https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/tag/artemis-iii/
https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/whyweexplore/Why_We_29.html
NASA Stands for the NAtional Aeronautics and Space Agency. It was signed into law as part of the National Aeronatics and Space Act on July 29, 1958 and was officially established on Oct 1, 1958 in response to the Soviet Union launching Sputnik.