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Pan-Determinism's View of Freedom as an Illusion
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Pan-Determinism's View of Freedom as an Illusion
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- Brains
- Gravity
- Skinner
- Freud
- Cause
Pan-determinism
- Pan-determinism is "the view which disregards the human capacity to take a stand toward any conditions whatsoever"
- It states that a human person is not free because his/her decisions, actions , and behavior are determined by his/her biological, psychological, and sociological condition.
Pan-determinism
A.Biological Determinism
• Biological determinism refers to the idea that all human behavior is innate, determined by genes, brain size, or other biological attributes.
• Human-are biologically pre-disposed to decide, act, or behave in a certain way.
• Pan-determinism-is the idea that human behavior is the symptom of biological and social conditions.
B. Psychological Determinism
Sigmund Freud
B. Psychological Determinism
- He is considered as the father of the school of psychoanalysis
- He is known for his concepts of the three aspects of human personality and the three level of mind.
- According to freud, Human action are not free. Human actions may appear free, but they are nothing but a manifestation of the various mental states, which human are not are.
- Theses mental states, in turn, govern human decisions, actions, and behaviors.
- According to freud, Human action are not free. Hum...
3 levels of Mind
a. Conscious
It includes everything like thoughts, feelings and actions of which people are currently aware of.
3 levels of Mind
b. Pre-Conscious
includes all mental activities which are not presently active but stored somewhere in our memory. It can be easily accessed when required
C. Unconscious
It includes mental activity that people are unaware of. According to him, some of the feelings , thoughts, urges and emotions that our conscious mind wants to hide, buried into unconscious mind ,influence some of our unexplained behavior.
C. Unconscious
It includes mental activity th...
- Freud likens his concept of the mind to an iceberg. T...
- Freud likens his concept of the mind to an iceberg. The conscious level is the tip of the iceberg.
- The preconscious is in-between the two levels, And the unconscious level is the seat of the mind, which is concealed, vast and pwerful.
In the illustration below is Freud’s division of these three levels a...
In the illustration below is Freud’s division of these three levels and the estimated usage of each level. Working together they create our reality.
C. Sociological Determinism
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
C. Sociological Determinism
- He is an American psychologist and social philosopher.
- He is knwon for his defense of behaviorism, a view claiming that human behavior is conditioned
• According to B.F Skinner, there is no autonomous agent in huma...
• According to B.F Skinner, there is no autonomous agent in humans that determines their actions. Human behavior is shaped by external conditions (the surrounding environment) and not by the so-called inner-self.
• Actions that produce good consequences are reinforced; conversely, actions that yield negative effects have the tendency not to be repeated.
• Positive or negative reinforcement (reward or punishment mechanism) is, therefore imperative to shaping and changing human behavior.
• The best way to shape and change human behavior is through a reinforcing environment.
• If human behavior is determined by its consequences, reinforced if it has pleasant consequences and not reinforced if it has unpleasant consequences, then it is externally determined.
• If human behavior is environmentally determined, then it makes no sense to claim that the person is free.
• For to claim that a person is free is to posit an autonomous agent.