Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

SYNTHESIS:MAKING INFORMED DECISIONS

MODULE 6

PRESENTED BY:

LORENO, SHERLYN

PASCO,KYLA

REMEDIOS, EFREL

LAPI-AN,LARA

MALUNES,JEHAN

SALBIBIA,ANGEL

THE MORAL AGENT AND CONTEXTS

-WHAT ONE OUGHT TO DO IN ONE'S LIFE IS NOT DICTATED BY ONE'S PHYSICAL , INTERPERSONAL ,SOCIAL , OR HISTORICAL CONDITIONS.

THE MORAL AGENT

AND CONTEXT

-WHAT ONE OUGHT TO DO IS ALSO NOT ABSTARCTED FROM ONE'S OWN SPECIFIC SITUATION.

MORAL AGENT..

-ONE ALWAYS COMES FROM SOMEWHERE . ONE IS ALWAYS CONTINUOSLY BEING SHAPED BY MANY FACTORS OUTSIDE OF ONE'S OWN FREE WILL.THE HUMAN INDIVIDUAL THUS ALWAYS EXISTS IN THE TENSION BETWEEN BEING CONDITIONED BY EXTERNAL FACTORS AND BENG A FREE AGENT

MORAL

AGENT...

-THE MORAL AGENT IS NOT A CALCULATIING ,UNFEELING MACHINE THAT PRODUCES COMPLETELY OBJECTIVE AND ABSOLUTELY CORRECT SOLUTIONS TO EVEN THE MOST COMPEX MORAL PROBLEMS

CULTURE AND ETHICS

Ethics should neither be reduced to one's own cultural standards, nor should it simplistically dismiss one's unique cultural beliefs and practices. What is important is that one does not wander into ethical situations blindly, with the naive assumption that ethical issues will be resolved automatically by his/her beliefs and traditions. Instead, s/he should challenge himself/herself to continuously work toward a fuller maturity in ethical decision-making.

CULTURE

AND

ETHICS

Moral development then is a prerequisite if the individual is to encounter ethical situations with a clear mind and with his/her values properly placed with respect to each other.

RELIGION AND ETHICS

Many religious followers assume that what their religion teaches can be found either in their sacred scripture (e.g. the Bible for Christians, the Qur'an for Muslims, etc.) or body of writings (e.g. the Vedas, including the Upanishads, and other texts for Hindus; the Tao Te Ching, Chuang-tzu, and other Taoist classics for Taoists) or in other forms (other than written texts) of preaching that their leaders had promulgated and become part of their traditions.

RELIGION

AND

ETHICS

The moral agent in question must still, in full responsibility, challenge himself/ herself to understand using his/her own powers of rationality, but with full recognition of his/her own situatedness, and what his/her religious authorities claim his/her religion teaches.

MORAL DELIBERATION

MORAL

DELIBERATION

American moral psychologist Lawrence

Kohlberg (1927-1987) theorized that moral development happens in six stages which he divided into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional.

1MORAL DELIBERATION

MORAL

DELIBERATION

The significance of studying the different ethical theories and frameworks becomes clear only to the individual who has achieved, or is in the process of achieving, moral maturity. For someone who is still in Kohlberg's pre-conventional or conventional stages, moral valuation remains a matter of seeking reward or avoiding punishment, or at best, a question of following the dictates of other people.

MORAL PROBLEMS

Aristotle recognizes the importance of continuous habituation in the goal of shaping one's character so that s/he becomes more used to choosing the right thing.

3MORAL PROBLEMS

A moral individual is always a human being whose intellect remains finite and whose passions remain dynamic, and who is always placed in situations that are unique. There are no automatic moral decisions; one must continue to manage his/her reason and passions to respond in the best way possible to the kaleidoscope of moral situations that s/he finds himself/herself in.

THE VALUE OF STUDYING ETHICAL THEORIES AND FRAMEWORK

The ethical theories or frameworks may serve as guideposts, given that they are the best attempts to understand morality that the history of human thought has to offer.

4THE VALUE OF

STUDYING

ETHICAL THEORIES

AND FRAMEWORK

What the responsible moral individual must instead perform is to continuously test the cogency and coherence of the ethical theory or framework in question against the complexity of the concrete experience at hand.

MORAL DELIBERATION

Aristotle precisely points out that moral virtue goes beyond the mere act of intellectually identifying the right thing to do. Instead, it is the condition of one's character by which the agent is able to manage his/her emotions or feelings.

2FEELINGS

IN MORAL

DELIBERATION

. The mature moral agent realizes that s/he is both a product of many forces, elements, and events, all of which shape his/her situation and options for a decision. Instead, a meaningful moral decision is one that s/he makes in full cognizance of where s/he is coming from and of where s/he ought to go.

SELF , SOCETY, AND ENVIRONMENT

-SOCIAL LIFE: IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT AND IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE

- THE NON-HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

SELF,SOCIETY

AND

ENVIRONMENT

SOCIAL LIFE :IN THE PHILIPPINES CONTEXT AND IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE

SOCIAL LIFE

THE PHILIPPINE

CONTEXT AND

IN THE GLOBAL

VILLAGE

One's membership in any society brings forth the demands of communal life in terms of the group's rules and regulations. The ethical question arises when the expectations of a particular society come into conflict with one's most fundamental values.

⚫ Mill's utilitarian doctrine will always push for the greatest happiness principle as the prime determinant of what can be considered as good action, whether in the personal sphere or in the societal realm. Thus, Filipinos cannot simply assume that their action is good because their culture says so.

Thomas Aquinas, on the other hand, in his natural law theory has a clear conception of the principles that should guide the individual in her actions that affect her larger society.

. Immanuel Kant argues for the use of the principles of universalizability and of humanity as end in itself to form a person's autonomous notion of what s/he ought to do.

. Aristotle's virtue ethics prescribes mesotes as the guide to all the actions that a person has to take, even in his/her dealing with the larger community of people.

.....

THE NON-HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

THE NON

HUMAN

ENVIRONMENT

In the case of utilitarianism, some scholars point out that this hedonistic doctrine that focuses on the sovereignty of pleasures and pains in human decision-making should extend into other creatures that can experience pleasures and pains, namely, animals. Thus, one of the sources of animal ethics is utilitarianism.

. Since Kantian deontology focuses on the innate dignity of the human being as possessing reason, it can be argued that one cannot possibly universalize maxims that in the end will lead to an untenable social existence.

Thomas Aquinas, on the other hand, may not necessarily talk about the physical environment and human moral responsibility to it as such, but one can try to infer from his philosophy that certain actions should be avoided because they do not produce a harmonious, peaceful society. Lastly, Aristotle's virtue ethics also pick up on the problem of such shortsightedness and ask how this can possibly lead to

becoming a better person

A CLOSING THAT IS REALLY AN OPENING

.There is only the human individual and his/her community of fellow human beings who need to accept that they must continue to explore the meaning of what is good and right while hoping to arrive at the best judgments they can make at this point in time.

SUMMARY

Realizing he finitude of human understanding and of the capacity to make choices, but at the same time hoping that one's best attempt at doing what is right does mean something in the end-these are part and parcel of making informed moral decisions.

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi