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Latin American Revolution:

Venezuelan Timeline

Creation of Independent Venezuelan Government

1810

- On April 19, 1810, the municipal council of Caracas headed a successful movement to depose the Spanish Governor and Captain-General, Vicente Emparán. A junta (military group) was established in Caracas, and soon other Venezuelan provinces followed suit. The establishment of The Supreme Junta, the institution that governed Venezuela following the forced resignation of Vicente Emparán, marked the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence.

Declaration of Independence of Venezuela

1811

- The Congress declared Venezuela's independence on 5 July 1811, establishing the Republic of Venezuela.

- High taxes, oppressive working conditions, the Spanish had too many government positions, wealthy families had control over most of the economy (agriculture), slaves had to serve in the military, discontent of new Spanish-French leadership were some reasons on why Venezuela wanted independence from Spain.

The First Republic and Civil War

1811-1812

- The First Republic of Venezuela was established in 1811 under the leadership of figures like Francisco Miranda and Simón Bolívar. However, this republic faced internal divisions and external threats from Spanish forces, leading to its collapse in 1812

-Even before the Congress began its sessions in November 1811-1812, a civil war started between those who supported the juntas, and eventually independence, and royalists who wanted to maintain the union with Spain

The Admirable Campain

1813

In 1813, Simón Bolívar returned to Venezuela from exile and launched the "Admirable Campaign." Bolívar aimed to liberate Venezuela from Spanish rule, and during this campaign, he achieved some notable victories.

Spanish Reconquest of Venezuela

1814-1817

Spanish forces, led by Pablo Morillo, regained control of Venezuela in 1814, and they ruled with an iron fist. This period of Spanish reconquest lasted until 1817.

The Second Republic and Congress of Angostura

1817-1819

- Second Republic (1817-1819): Simón Bolívar returned to Venezuela in 1817 and, with the support of other patriot leaders like Antonio José de Sucre, established the Second Republic. The Battle of Boyacá in 1819 marked a turning point in the struggle for independence.

- The Congress of Angostura (1819): In 1819, Bolívar convened the Congress of Angostura, where he delivered his famous "Address to the Congress of Angostura." This address outlined his vision for a united Latin America and laid the groundwork for the Gran Colombia.

- Creation of Gran Colombia (1819): In 1819, Simón Bolívar, along with other leaders, created the Gran Colombia, a federation that included Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. This marked an effort to establish a united, independent region.

The Battle of Carabobo Independence from Spain

1821

-The Battle of Carabobo, on 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre. Bolívar's decisive victory at Carabobo led to the independence of Venezuela and establishment of the Republic of Gran Colombia.

-On July 24, 1821, the Battle of Carabobo culminated in the victory of the patriots, effectively securing the independence of Venezuela from Spanish colonial rule.

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