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Immune system analogy

"Police Department"

Pathogen

Pathogens

A pathogen is an organism that can cause harm and cause problems to the body.

Pathogens can either multiply by hijacking your host cells to make more of itself, or they can multiply by splitting themselves in half.

It is the Immune systems job to rid of pathogens.

Analogy

"Criminals"

Like a pathogen criminals can wreak havoc and cause lots of damage.

Pathogens can easily multiply, like criminals who can call their friends and allies.

Antigens

Antigen

Antigens are molecules of protein that are found on the surface of pathogens

When forgein antigens are found in the body it induces a respone from the immune system that starts the creation of antibodies

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Antibodies

Antibodies

Antibodies are large Y shaped proteins that identify and neutralize pathogens.

They neutralize pathogens by binding themselves to their antigens preventing them from infecting other cells.

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Immunity

Immunity

Immunity is when your body has the ability to fight off a particular strain of a infection, virus and etc.

Immunity can be acquired naturally or artificially.

An example of naturally aqcuired immunity is when a baby gets the mothers antibodies via breastmilk.

An example of artificially acquired immunity would be if you got a vaccine.

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First line of defense

The first line of defense consists of the physical and chemical barrier.

The physical barrier prevents invaders from entering the body either by blocking or removing them.

The chemical barrier prevents the growth/kills organisms.

ex- Lysozome in tears & saliva(breaks down bacterial cell walls)

First line of defense

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Second line of defense

The second line of defense is the inflammatory response.

When invaders successfully enter the body, the body reacts with an inflammatory response.

This causes the site of breach to become red and heated, which makes it uncomfortable for the invaders to survive

Phagocytes then come in and ingest the invading organisms

Second line of defense

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Third line of defense

The third line of defense is specific and a targeted type of defense.

Immune cells like B-Cells and T-Cells target specific antigens, but before that the, Macrophage first has to ingest the foreign invader.

It then displays a form of the antigen on a cell membrane which other cells use to recognize the invader.

Third line of defense

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